作者：zhanhailiang 日期：2014-11-09
本文将介绍如何使用express-generator工具快速生成基于express框架的应用程序骨架：
1. 安装express-generator工具：
[root@~/wade/wadetest]# npm install express-generator -g /usr/bin/express -> /usr/lib/node_modules/express-generator/bin/express express-generator@4.9.0 /usr/lib/node_modules/express-generator ├── commander@1.3.2 (keypress@0.1.0) └── mkdirp@0.5.0 (minimist@0.0.8)
2. 在github.com上创建空项目express-generator，并将其克隆到本地：
[root@~/wade/nodejs]# git clone git@github.com:billfeller/express-generator.git Initialized empty Git repository in /root/wade/nodejs/express-generator/.git/ remote: Counting objects: 3, done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
3. 使用express-generator工具强制创建名为express-generator的应用程序：
[root@~/wade/nodejs]# express -h Usage: express [options] [dir] Options: -h, --help output usage information -V, --version output the version number -e, --ejs add ejs engine support (defaults to jade) --hbs add handlebars engine support -H, --hogan add hogan.js engine support -c, --css <engine> add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus|compass) (defaults to plain css) -f, --force force on non-empty directory [root@~/wade/nodejs]# express -f express-generator create : express-generator create : express-generator/package.json create : express-generator/app.js create : express-generator/public create : express-generator/public/javascripts create : express-generator/public/images create : express-generator/public/stylesheets create : express-generator/public/stylesheets/style.css create : express-generator/routes create : express-generator/routes/index.js create : express-generator/routes/users.js create : express-generator/views create : express-generator/views/index.jade create : express-generator/views/layout.jade create : express-generator/views/error.jade create : express-generator/bin create : express-generator/bin/www install dependencies: $ cd express-generator && npm install run the app: $ DEBUG=express-generator ./bin/www [root@~/wade/nodejs]# cd express-generator/ [root@~/wade/nodejs/express-generator]# npm install cookie-parser@1.3.3 node_modules/cookie-parser ├── cookie@0.1.2 └── cookie-signature@1.0.5 debug@2.0.0 node_modules/debug └── ms@0.6.2 serve-favicon@2.1.6 node_modules/serve-favicon ├── ms@0.6.2 ├── fresh@0.2.4 └── etag@1.5.0 (crc@3.0.0) morgan@1.3.2 node_modules/morgan ├── basic-auth@1.0.0 ├── depd@0.4.5 └── on-finished@2.1.0 (ee-first@1.0.5) body-parser@1.8.4 node_modules/body-parser ├── media-typer@0.3.0 ├── bytes@1.0.0 ├── raw-body@1.3.0 ├── depd@0.4.5 ├── qs@2.2.4 ├── iconv-lite@0.4.4 ├── on-finished@2.1.0 (ee-first@1.0.5) └── type-is@1.5.2 (mime-types@2.0.2) express@4.9.8 node_modules/express ├── merge-descriptors@0.0.2 ├── utils-merge@1.0.0 ├── fresh@0.2.4 ├── cookie@0.1.2 ├── escape-html@1.0.1 ├── range-parser@1.0.2 ├── cookie-signature@1.0.5 ├── finalhandler@0.2.0 ├── vary@1.0.0 ├── media-typer@0.3.0 ├── methods@1.1.0 ├── parseurl@1.3.0 ├── serve-static@1.6.4 ├── path-to-regexp@0.1.3 ├── depd@0.4.5 ├── on-finished@2.1.1 (ee-first@1.1.0) ├── qs@2.2.4 ├── etag@1.4.0 (crc@3.0.0) ├── type-is@1.5.2 (mime-types@2.0.2) ├── proxy-addr@1.0.3 (forwarded@0.1.0, ipaddr.js@0.1.3) ├── send@0.9.3 (destroy@1.0.3, ms@0.6.2, on-finished@2.1.0, mime@1.2.11) └── accepts@1.1.2 (negotiator@0.4.9, mime-types@2.0.2) jade@1.6.0 node_modules/jade ├── character-parser@1.2.0 ├── commander@2.1.0 ├── void-elements@1.0.0 ├── mkdirp@0.5.0 (minimist@0.0.8) ├── transformers@2.1.0 (promise@2.0.0, uglify-js@2.2.5, css@1.0.8) ├── monocle@1.1.51 (readdirp@0.2.5) ├── constantinople@2.0.1 (uglify-js@2.4.15) └── with@3.0.1 (uglify-js@2.4.15)
4. 最后以调试模式运行该应用程序：
[root@~/wade/nodejs/express-generator]# DEBUG=express-generator ./bin/www express-generator Express server listening on port 3000 +0ms GET /users 200 15.039 ms - 23 GET /favicon.ico 404 461.432 ms - 1212 GET / 304 24.634 ms - - GET /stylesheets/style.css 304 3.490 ms - -
也可以通过设置DEBUG=express:*打印并查看所有express内部调用日志：
[root@~/wade/nodejs/express-generator]# DEBUG=express:* ./bin/www express:router:route new / +0ms express:router:layer new / +7ms express:router:route get / +2ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router:route new / +1ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router:route get / +0ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:application compile etag weak +1ms express:application compile query parser extended +0ms express:application compile trust proxy false +0ms express:application booting in development mode +1ms express:router use / query +1ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / expressInit +0ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / logger +1ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / jsonParser +43ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / urlencodedParser +3ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / cookieParser +1ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / serveStatic +0ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / router +1ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use /users router +0ms express:router:layer new /users +0ms express:router use / <anonymous> +0ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / <anonymous> +0ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router use / <anonymous> +0ms express:router:layer new / +0ms express:router dispatching GET / +9s express:router query : / +2ms express:router expressInit : / +1ms express:router logger : / +0ms express:router jsonParser : / +2ms express:router urlencodedParser : / +0ms express:router cookieParser : / +1ms express:router serveStatic : / +0ms express:router router : / +3ms express:router dispatching GET / +0ms GET / 304 475.460 ms - - express:router dispatching GET /stylesheets/style.css +570ms express:router query : /stylesheets/style.css +1ms express:router expressInit : /stylesheets/style.css +0ms express:router logger : /stylesheets/style.css +0ms express:router jsonParser : /stylesheets/style.css +1ms express:router urlencodedParser : /stylesheets/style.css +0ms express:router cookieParser : /stylesheets/style.css +0ms express:router serveStatic : /stylesheets/style.css +1ms GET /stylesheets/style.css 304 6.142 ms - -
另外，express应用程序生成器提供了默认的应用程序启动命令，请见package.json中scripts定义：
{ "name": "express-generator", "version": "0.0.0", "private": true, "scripts": { "start": "node ./bin/www" }, "dependencies": { "express": "~4.9.0", "body-parser": "~1.8.1", "cookie-parser": "~1.3.3", "morgan": "~1.3.0", "serve-favicon": "~2.1.3", "debug": "~2.0.0", "jade": "~1.6.0" } }
这意味着你可以直接使用npm start启动该应用程序，如下：
[root@~/wade/nodejs/express-generator]# DEBUG=express:* npm start > express-generator@0.0.0 start /root/wade/nodejs/express-generator > node ./bin/www
默认应用程序中包含两种路由策略/，/users，详情请见代码；
5. express应用程序目录结构分析：
[root@~/wade/nodejs/express-generator]# ll total 48 drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:57 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:30 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1478 Nov 9 16:31 app.js // 统一应用程序入口 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:56 bin // 应用程序启动脚本 drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:59 .git -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Nov 9 16:32 .gitignore drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:33 node_modules // npm install -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 333 Nov 9 16:31 package.json // node应用程序包配置 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:31 public // 公共资源 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Nov 9 16:31 README.md drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:58 routes // 控制器模块C drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 9 16:31 views // 视图模块V
由上可见，其实express应用程序也是典型的MVC应用程序，对于不熟悉MVC分层设计模式的同学请自行Google，在此就不一一展开讨论。
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