所谓路由,就是处理请求URL和函数之间关系的程序,传统使用路由的方式需要手动编写路由,而基于文件系统的路由则会根据 /routes/ 下的文件目录结构,自动生成所有的访问路由。
在项目不断迭代增长的情况下(接口数量级达上千时),通过文件对应的路由配置,能节省手动配置路由的时间,极高的提高项目的管理能力。
一、效果演示
(1)Flask项目目录下,指定routes存放应用文件,如下图所示
(2)在routes目录下,创建接口文件,如 /routes/prod/school/student.py(prod表示为生产环境,school/student.py表示为校园学生的数据接口文件),内容如下:
class Student():
# http://127.0.0.1:5000/prod/school/student/say
def say(self):
return 'I am prod student!'
(3)启动项目
运行指令启动项目
python main.py
(4)启动项目
通过 /prod/school/student/say 即可访问路由
二、功能实现
(1)创建路由动态生成工具类
import os
import importlib
from stat import *
class Route():
# 构造函数,传入app,项目路径,应用名称
def __init__(self, app, project_path, route_dir, file_dir):
self.__app = app # flask 的app
self.__project_path = project_path # 当前的项目路径(通过在main中传入__file__)
self.__route_dir = route_dir # 存放route的目录(指定存放route的目录)
self.__file_dir = file_dir # 需要生成路由的目录(指定route目录下需要生成路由的目录)
self.route_start_path = self.__project_path + "/{0}/".format(self.__route_dir) + self.__file_dir
def build(self):
self.__make(self.route_start_path) # 需要生成路由的起始目录
def __make(self,top):
for f in os.listdir(top):
pathname = os.path.join(top, f)
try:
mode = os.stat(pathname).st_mode # python获取文件的状态,用于进一步判断是否文件
except PermissionError:
continue
else:
if S_ISDIR(mode) and not f.startswith("__"): # 如果是文件夹且不以"__"开头,则继续获取下层内容
self.__make(pathname)
elif S_ISREG(mode): # 如果是文件,则生成路由配置
self.__gen_route(pathname,f.replace(".py",""))
else:
pass
def __gen_route(self,pathname,name):
moduleStr = pathname.replace(self.__project_path+"/","").replace(".py","").replace("/",".").replace("\\",".")
moduleObj = importlib.import_module(moduleStr)
for classStr in dir(moduleObj):
if not classStr.startswith("__") and classStr.lower()==name.lower():
classObj = getattr(moduleObj, classStr)
obj = classObj()
urlPath = pathname.replace(self.__project_path,"").replace("{0}/".format(self.__route_dir),"").replace(".py","").replace("\\","/").lower()
for methodName in dir(classObj):
if not methodName.startswith("__"):
print('产生路由:', urlPath+"/"+methodName.lower())
self.__app.add_url_rule(urlPath+"/"+methodName.lower(),
endpoint=urlPath.replace("/","-")+"-"+methodName,
view_func=getattr(obj, methodName),
methods=["GET","POST"])
(2)在app启动前,调用生成路由
from flask import Flask
import os
from libs.Route import Route
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
prod_route = Route(app, os.path.dirname(__file__), 'routes', 'prod').build() # 生产环境路由生成
# 验证地址:
# http://127.0.0.1:5000/prod/school/student/say
# http://127.0.0.1:5000/prod/school/teacher/say
test_route = Route(app, os.path.dirname(__file__), 'routes', 'test').build() # 测试环境路由生成
# 验证地址
# http://127.0.0.1:5000/test/school/student/say
# http://127.0.0.1:5000/test/school/teacher/say
app.run()
(3)运行项目
运行指令启动项目
python main.py
(4)访问路径
http://127.0.0.1:5000/prod/school/student/say
http://127.0.0.1:5000/prod/school/teacher/say
http://127.0.0.1:5000/test/school/student/say
http://127.0.0.1:5000/test/school/teacher/say