一、看一个需求
二、泛型介绍
三、泛型的语法
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class Generic02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashSet<Student> students = new HashSet<>();
students.add(new Student("jack", 18));
students.add(new Student("tom", 28));
students.add(new Student("mary", 19));
//遍历
for (Student student :students) {
System.out.println(student);
}
//使用泛型方式给HashMap 放入3个学生对象
HashMap<String, Student> hm = new HashMap<>();
hm.put("milan", new Student("milan", 28));
hm.put("smith", new Student("smith", 28));
hm.put("hsp", new Student("hsp", 28));
//迭代器 EntrySet
Set<Map.Entry<String, Student>> entries = hm.entrySet();
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Student>> iterator = entries.iterator();
System.out.println("=========迭代器==============");
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<String, Student> next = iterator.next();
System.out.println(next.getKey() + "-" + next.getValue());
}
}
}
class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
引用数据类型默认都继承Object类所以此处默认用Object类
四、泛型课堂类型
public class Generic02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(new Employee("tom", 20000, new MyDate(2000,11,11)));
employees.add(new Employee("jack", 12000, new MyDate(2001,12,12)));
employees.add(new Employee("hsp", 50000, new MyDate(1980,10,10)));
System.out.println("employees=" + employees);
System.out.println("===对雇员进行排序===");
//先按name,如果name相同,按出生日期排序,
employees.sort(new Comparator<Employee>() {
@Override
public int compare(Employee emp1, Employee emp2) {
//先对传入参数进行验证
if(!(emp1 instanceof Employee && emp2 instanceof Employee)) {
System.out.println("类型不正确");
return 0;
}
//比较name
int i = emp1.getName().compareTo(emp2.getName());
if(i != 0) {
return i;
}
emp1.getBirthday().compareTo(emp2.getBirthday());
//对birthday的比较,放在Date类比较好
// //如果name相同,比较birthday -year
// int yearMinus = emp1.getBirthday().getYear() - emp2.getBirthday().getYear();
// if(yearMinus != 0) {
// return yearMinus;
// }
// //如果year相同,比较month
// int monthMinus = emp1.getBirthday().getMonth() - emp2.getBirthday().getMonth();
// if(monthMinus != 0) {
// return monthMinus;
// }
// //如果year和month 相同,比较day
return emp1.getBirthday().getDay() - emp2.getBirthday().getDay();
}
});
System.out.println("===对雇员进行排序==");
System.out.println(employees);
}
}
public class MyDate implements Comparable<MyDate>{
private int year;
private int month;
private int day;
public MyDate(int year, int month, int day) {
this.year = year;
this.month = month;
this.day = day;
}
public int getYear() {
return year;
}
public void setYear(int year) {
this.year = year;
}
public int getMonth() {
return month;
}
public void setMonth(int month) {
this.month = month;
}
public int getDay() {
return day;
}
public void setDay(int day) {
this.day = day;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyDate{" +
"year=" + year +
", month=" + month +
", day=" + day +
'}';
}
@Override
public int compareTo(MyDate o) {//把对year-month-day比较
//如果name相同,比较birthday -year
int yearMinus = year - o.getYear();
if(yearMinus != 0) {
return yearMinus;
}
//如果year相同,比较month
int monthMinus = month - o.getMonth();
if(monthMinus != 0) {
return monthMinus;
}
//如果year和month 相同,比较day
return day - o.getDay();
}
}
public class Employee {
private String name;
private double sal;
private MyDate birthday;
public Employee(String name, double sal, MyDate birthday) {
this.name = name;
this.sal = sal;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getSal() {
return sal;
}
public void setSal(double sal) {
this.sal = sal;
}
public MyDate getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(MyDate birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "\nEmployee{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", sal=" + sal +
", birthday=" + birthday +
'}';
}
}
employees=[
Employee{name='tom', sal=20000.0, birthday=MyDate{year=2000, month=11, day=11}},
Employee{name='jack', sal=12000.0, birthday=MyDate{year=2001, month=12, day=12}},
Employee{name='hsp', sal=50000.0, birthday=MyDate{year=1980, month=10, day=10}}]
===对雇员进行排序===
===对雇员进行排序==
[
Employee{name='hsp', sal=50000.0, birthday=MyDate{year=1980, month=10, day=10}},
Employee{name='jack', sal=12000.0, birthday=MyDate{year=2001, month=12, day=12}},
Employee{name='tom', sal=20000.0, birthday=MyDate{year=2000, month=11, day=11}}]
五、自定义泛型
class Tiger<T, R, M> {
String name;
R r; //r属性使用泛型
M m;
T t;
//因为数组在new 不能确定T的类型,就无法在内存开辟空间
T[] ts;
//T[] ts = new T[8];//错
public Tiger(String name, R r, M m, T t) {
this.name = name;
this.r = r;
this.m = m;
this.t = t;
}
//因为静态是和类相关的,在类加载时,对象还没创建
//所以,如果静态方法和静态属性使用了泛型,JVM就无法完成初始化
//static R r2;
//public static void m1(M m) {}
public String getName() {//方法使用泛型
return name;
}
interface IUsb<U, R> {
//1.在接口中,静态成员也不能使用泛型
int n = 10;
//U name;//不能这样使用
//普通方法中,可以使用接口泛型
R get(U u);
void hi(R r);
void run(R r1, R r2, U u1, U u2);
//在jdk8 中,可以在接口中使用默认方法
default R method(U u) {
return null;
}
}
//在继承接口 指定泛型接口的类型 U->String R->Double
interface IA extends IUsb<String, Double> {
}
//当我们去实现IA接口时,因为IA在继承IUsb接口时,指定了U为String,R为Double
//在实现IUsb接口的方法时,使用String替换U,Double替换R
class AA implements IA {
@Override
public Double get(String s) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void hi(Double aDouble) {
}
@Override
public void run(Double r1, Double r2, String u1, String u2) {
}
}
public class CustomInterfaceGeneric {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car car = new Car();
car.fly("宝马" ,100);//当调用方法时,传入参数,编译器,就会确定类型
/*
* class java.lang.String
class java.lang.Integer*/
System.out.println("----------");
car.fly(100, 10.1);
/*
* class java.lang.Integer
class java.lang.Double
* */
}
}
//泛型方法,可以定义在普通类中,也可以定义在泛型类中
class Car {
public void run() {//普通方法
}
//说明
//1.<T, R> 就是泛型
//2.是提供给fly使用的
public <T, R> void fly(T t, R r) {//泛型方法
System.out.println(t.getClass());//String
System.out.println(r.getClass());//Integer
}
}
class Fish<T, R> {//泛型类
public void run() { //普通方法
}
public<U,M> void eat(U u, M m) {//泛型方法
}
//说明
//1.下面是hi方法不是泛型方法
//2.是hi方法使用了类声明的泛型
public void hi(T t) {}
//泛型方法,可以使用类声明的泛型,也可以使用自己声明泛型
public <K> void hello(R r, K k) {}//R r是泛型类,K k是泛型方法//可以这样
}
六、泛型的继承和通配符
public class CustomInterfaceGeneric {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Object> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<>();
List<AA> list3 = new ArrayList<>();
List<BB> list4 = new ArrayList<>();
List<CC> list5 = new ArrayList<>();
//如果是List<?>,可以接受任意的泛型类型
printCollection1(list1);
printCollection1(list2);
printCollection1(list3);
printCollection1(list4);
printCollection1(list5);
//List<? extends AA> c
//printCollection2(list1);错
//printCollection2(list2);错
printCollection2(list3);
printCollection2(list4);
printCollection2(list5);
//List<? super AA> c
printCollection3(list1);
//printCollection3(list2);错
printCollection3(list3);
//printCollection3(list4);错
//printCollection3(list5);错
}
//List<?>表示任意泛型类型都可以接受
public static void printCollection1(List<?> c) {
for(Object object :c) {//通配符,取出时,就是Object
System.out.println(object);
}
}
// ?extends AA 表示 上限,可以接受AA或AA子类
public static void printCollection2(List<? extends AA> c) {
for (Object object :c) {
System.out.println(object);
}
}
//?super 子类类名AA:支持AA类以及AA类的父类,不限于直接父类
//规定了泛型的下限
public static void printCollection3(List<? super AA> c) {
for (Object object :c) {
System.out.println(object);
}
}
}
class AA {
}
class BB extends AA {
}
class CC extends BB {
}
七、本章作业
public class CustomInterfaceGeneric {
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
@Test
public void testList() {
//说明
//这里我们给T指定类型是User
DAO<User> dao = new DAO<>();
dao.save("001", new User(1, 10, "jack"));
dao.save("002", new User(2, 18, "king"));
dao.save("003", new User(3, 38, "smith"));
List<User> list = dao.list();
System.out.println("list=" + list);//list=[User{id=1, age=10, name='jack'}, User{id=2, age=18, name='king'}, User{id=3, age=38, name='smith'}]
dao.update("003", new User(3, 58, "milan"));
list = dao.list();
System.out.println("list=" + list);//list=[User{id=1, age=10, name='jack'}, User{id=2, age=18, name='king'}, User{id=3, age=58, name='milan'}]
dao.delete("001");//删除
System.out.println("id=003" + dao.get("003"));//获取、、id=003User{id=3, age=58, name='milan'}
}
}
public class DAO<T> {
private Map<String,T> map = new HashMap<>();
public T get(String id) {
return map.get(id);
}
public void update(String id, T entity) {
map.put(id, entity);
}
//返回 map 中存放的所有T对象
//遍历map[k-v],将map中的所有value(T entity),封装到ArrayList返回即可
public List<T> list() {
//创建 ArrayList
List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
//遍历map
Set<String> keySet = map.keySet();
for (String key :keySet) {
list.add(map.get(key));
}
return list;
}
public void delete(String id) {
map.remove(id);
}
public void save(String id, T entity) {//把entity保存到map
map.put(id, entity);
}
}
public class User {
private int id;
private int age;
private String name;
public User(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class JUnit_ {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//传统方法
new JUnit_().m1();
new JUnit_().m2();
}
@Test
public void m1() {
System.out.println("m1方法被调用~");
}
@Test
public void m2() {
System.out.println("m2方法被调用~");
}
}
八、JUnit
//传统方法
new JUnit_().m1();
new JUnit_().m2();
}
@Test
public void m1() {
System.out.println("m1方法被调用~");
}
@Test
public void m2() {
System.out.println("m2方法被调用~");
}