js数组常用方法

//1、concat：在现有数组后面追加数组，并返回新数组，不影响现有数组

//只能用于连接数组或字符串

         var a = [ 1, 2, 3];

         var b = [ 'a', 'b', 'c'];

         var c = a.concat(b);

        console.log( "1、"+c);                                 //1,2,3,a,b,c

        console.log(a);                                      //[1,2,3]

//数组连接字符串，会追加新元素

        console.log(a.concat( 'abc'));                //[1,2,3,"abc"]

//字符串连接数组时，字符串会跟数组首元素拼接成新元素

        console.log( 'abc'.concat(a));                //abc1,2,3

//2、join：用指定间隔符连起来，把数组转为字符串

         var a = [ 'abc', '123', 'haha'];

        console.log( "2、"+a.join( '--'));      //abc--123--haha

        console.log(a.join( ","));                //abc,123,haha      相当于a.toString()

        console.log(a.toString());

//join用于一维数组，对于数组中还有数组的数组，要用toString()

         var b = [ 1, 2, 3,[ 'a', 'b', 'c']];

        console.log(b.join( '*'));                //1*2*3*a,b,c

        console.log(b.toString());               //1,2,3,a,b,c

//3、pop：删除数组最后一个元素，并返回该元素，如果数组为空，则返回undefined

         var a = [ 'aa', 'bb', 'cc'];

        console.log( "3、"+a.pop());               //cc

        console.log(a);                                      //["aa","bb"]

         var b = [];

        console.log(b.pop());                                //undefined

//4、push：在数组后面添加数组，并返回数组新长度

         var a = [ "aa", "bb", "cc"];

        console.log( "4、"+a.push( "dd"));      //4

        console.log(a);                                              //["aa","bb","cc","dd"]

        a.push([ 1, 2, 3]);

        console.log(a);

//5、sort：数组排序，默认是字符串比较

         var a = [ 1, 11, 2, 3, 4, 23, 5];

        console.log( "5、"+a.sort());              //1,11,2,23,3,4,5

        a.sort( function(a,b){

                 return a-b;

        });

        console.log(a);                                      //[1,2,3,4,5,11,23]

//6、reverse：反转元素，并不进行排序

         var a = [ 11, 3, 5, 66, 44];

        console.log( "6、"+a.reverse());               //44,66,5,3,11

//7、shift：删除数组第一个元素，并返回该元素，数组为空时，返回undefined

         var a = [ "aa", "bb", "cc"];

        console.log( "7、"+a.shift());                         //aa

        console.log(a);                                              //["bb","cc"]

//8、unshift：往数组最前面添加元素，并返回数组新长度

         var a = [ "aa", "bb", "cc"];

        console.log( "8、"+a.unshift( "123"));                      //4

        console.log(a);                                                              //["123","aa","bb","cc"]

//9、slice：返回数组片段

         var a = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'];

        console.log( "9、"+a.slice( 1, 2));                      //b

        console.log(a.slice( 2));                                         //['c','d','e','f','g']

        console.log(a.slice(- 4));                                        //['d','e','f','g']

        console.log(a.slice(- 2,- 6));                                 //[]

//10、splice：从数组删除某片段的元素，并返回删除的元素

         var a = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'];

//①删除：arr.splice(起点，长度)

        console.log( "10、"+a.splice( 2, 3));                //c,d,e

        console.log(a);                                                      //['a','b','f','g']

//②插入：arr.splice(起点，长度，元素....)      ，插入起始经历了两个步骤：1，删除 2，插入

         //这里表示从下标为2的元素开始，删除0个元素，插入1,2,3

        console.log(a.splice( 2, 0, 1, 2, 3));                        //[]

        console.log(a);                                                      //['a','b',1,2,3,'f','g']

//③替换：arr.splice(起点，长度，元素....)

         //这里表示从下标为0的元素开始，删除3个元素，然后插入m,n

        console.log(a.splice( 0, 3, 'm', 'n'));                      //['a','b',1]

        console.log(a);                                          //['m','n',2,3,'f','g']

        

//11、toString：把数组转为字符串，不只数组，所有对象均可以使用该方法

         var a = [ 1, 2, 3,[ 'a', 'b', 'c'], 4, 5];

        console.log( "11、"+a.toString());                        

//也可以对数组的指定元素进行进制转换

        console.log(a[ 5].toString( 2));                  

//12、toLocaleString：返回本地格式字符串，主要用在Date对象上

         var date = new Date();

        console.log(date.toString());                       

        console.log(date.toLocaleString());                 

        console.log(date.toLocaleDateString());             

//扩展：

//1、数组的拷贝

         var arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 4];

        console.log(arr.slice( 0));               //返回数组的拷贝数组，注意是一个新的数组，不是指向

        console.log(arr.concat());               //返回数组的拷贝数组，注意是一个新的数组，不是指向

        

//2、length属性

         //Length属性表示数组的长度，即其中元素的个数。因为数组的索引总是由0开始，所以一个数组的上下限分别是：0和length-1。

         //和其他大多数语言不同的是，JavaScript数组的length属性是可变的，这一点需要特别注意。

         //当length属性被设置得更大时，整个数组的状态事实上不会发生变化，仅仅是length属性变大；当length属性被设置得比原来小时，

         //则原先数组中索引大于或等于length的元素的值全部被丢失。

        

//3、prototype属性

         //返回对象类型原型的引用。prototype属性是object共有的。

         //objectName.prototype

         //说明：用prototype属性提供对象的类的一组基本功能。对象的新实例"继承"赋予该对象原型的操作。

         function array_max(){

                 var i,max = this[ 0];

                 for(i= 0;i< this.length;i++){

                         if(max < this[i])

                                max = this[i];

                }

                 return max;

        }

        Array.prototype.max = array_max;

         var arr = new Array( 2, 3, 55, 4, 88, 19);

        console.log(arr.max());                                      //88

        

//4、constructor属性

         //表示创建对象的函数。

         //object.constructor                //object是对象或函数的名称

         //说明：constructor属性是所有具有protorype的对象的成员。

         //它们包含除Global和Math对象以外的所有JS固有对象。

         //constructor属性保存了对构造特定对象实例的函数的引用。

         var str = new String( "hi");

        console.log(str.constructor);                        //function String(){[native code]}

         var arr = new Array( 1, 2, 3);

        console.log(arr.constructor);                        //function Array(){[native code]}

//删除数组中指定的元素

function del(val, arr)

{

             //检测参数

             if (arr == null && arr.constructor != Array) {

                 return [];

            }

             var newarr = []; //不存在的保存到新数组中

             for ( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

                 if (arr[i] != val)

                            newarr.push(arr[i]);

            }

             return newarr;

}

alert(del( 2, [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2]));