jdk：CopyOnWriteArrayList

解决问题

如何理解CopyOnWrite？

关键词

数组、new数组、复制、数组更新、数组引用更新

code

CopyOnWriteArrayList.set(int index, E element)

public E set(int index, E element) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        E oldValue = get(elements, index);

        if (oldValue != element) {
            int len = elements.length;
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len);
            newElements[index] = element;
            setArray(newElements);
        } else {
            // Not quite a no-op; ensures volatile write semantics
            setArray(elements);
        }
        return oldValue;
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

CopyOnWriteArrayList.iterator()

 static final class COWIterator<E> implements ListIterator<E> {
    /** Snapshot of the array */
    private final Object[] snapshot;
    /** Index of element to be returned by subsequent call to next.  */
    private int cursor;

    private COWIterator(Object[] elements, int initialCursor) {
        cursor = initialCursor;
        snapshot = elements;
    }

    public boolean hasNext() {
        return cursor < snapshot.length;
    }
    ...
}

List<String> sl = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
sl.add("a");
sl.add("b");
sl.add("c");
/*此处用作遍历的COWIterator中的数组引用 始终都没有被更新过*/
for(String s : sl){
    System.out.println(s);
    sl.set(1,s+"1");
    /*每次更新都会new一个新的数组，然后将CopyOnWriteArrayList中数组的引用指向该数组*/
    System.out.println(sl);
}
/*
a
[a, a1, c]
b
[a, b1, c]
c
[a, c1, c]
遍历过程中List内容已经更新，但是依然是 a b c
*/