记录python新掌握的知识点---持续更新

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2019-03-06更新

6、在python脚本开头指定字符编码

#coding=utf-8

或者

#! -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

• python2默认的编码是ASCII，需要把字符编码修改为utf-8才支持中文字符；
• python3默认的编码是utf-8，不需要修改字符编码就可以支持中文字符；

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5、指定解释器执行脚本

参考链接： https://www.jianshu.com/p/400c612381dd
在.py脚本文件的开头处写上
第一种方式：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

或者
第二种方式：

#!/usr/bin/python3

作用是该文件由指定路径下的python执行，第一种指定的是系统环境变量中的python，第二种指定的是python的绝对路径。

• 在UNIX like系统中才用这样指定python的方式，可直接执行python脚本，例如：用命令./test.py直接运行test.py;
• 在windows系统中执行python的方式为python test.py，且不需要开头指定解释器；
• 在UNIX like系统里也可以用python2 test.py执行,且在该处指定的python2优先级高于脚本中指定的python3，所以会以python2的版本执行test.py;

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2019-02-27更新

4、函数中可变参数

• 如果不用可变参数：

def calc(numbers):
    s = 0
    for i in numbers:
        s = s + i*i
    return s
print(calc([1,2,3,4]))

结果显示

30

• 如果用可变参数，调用函数的时候就不用携程列表或元组的形式了：

def calc(*number):
    s = 0
    for i in number:
        s = s + i*i
    return s
print(calc(1,2,3,4))

• 调用列表或元组时可用这种形式：

def calc(*number):
    s = 0
    for i in number:
        s = s + i*i
    return s
nums = [1,2,3,4]
print(calc(*nums))

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2018-10-16更新

3、判断输入的字符串是否为正整数

prompt = "\n请输入年龄:"
prompt +="\n输入'quit'退出程序."
message = ''

while message != 'quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    if message.isdigit():
        age = int(message)
        if age < 3:
            print('岁数%s,观众免费' % (message))
        elif age < 13:
            print('岁数%s,票价为10$' % (message))
        else:
            print('岁数%s,票价为15$' % (message))
    elif message == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print("请输入正确的年龄(正整数).")

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2、字典嵌套

citys = {
    'beijing':{
        'country':'china',
        'population':'21,710,000',
        'fact':'the capital of China',
    },
    'wahsington':{
        'country':'american',
        'population':'694,000',
        'fact':'the capital of US'
    },
    'paris':{
        'country':'france',
        'population':'2,244,000',
        'fact':'the capital of France'
    },
}

citys['london'] = {
    'country': 'britain',
    'population': '8,136,000',
    'fact': 'the capital of France'
}

for city,city_info in citys.items():
    print('\nCity:' + city.title())
    print('\tcountry:' + city_info['country'].title())
    print('\tpopulation:' + city_info['population'])
    print('\tfact:' + city_info['fact'])

运行结果如下：

City:Paris
country:France
population:2,244,000
fact:the capital of France


City:Beijing
country:China
population:21,710,000
fact:the capital of China


City:Wahsington
country:American
population:694,000
fact:the capital of US


City:London
country:Britain
population:8,136,000
fact:the capital of France

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1、打印时引用参数

river = {
    'changjiang':'china',
    'nile':'egypt',
    'amazonas':'brazil'
    }

for k,v in river.items():
    print("The %s runs through %s." % (k.title(),v.title()))

运行结果如下：

The Amazonas runs through Brazil.
The Nile runs through Egypt.
The Changjiang runs through China.