python 对数据类型的操作总结

1、字符串 String

• 1.1 改变字符串大小写

name = 'bruce'
print(name.title())	#首字母大写
print(name.upper())	#所有字母大写
print(name.lower())	#所有字母小写

运行结果为：

Bruce
BRUCE
bruce

• 1.2 字符串合并

name = 'bruce'
age = '19'
name_age = name + age
print(name_age)

运行结果为：

bruce19

• 1.3 在字符串中添加空白

test1 = 'ilovepython'
test2 = '\tilove\npython'	#\t 是制表符tab，\n是换行符
print(test1)
print(test2)

运行结果为：

ilovepython
ilove
python

• 1.4 删除字符串中的空格

test1 = 'ilovepython'
test2 = ' i love python '
print(test1)
print(test2)
print(test2.rstrip())	#删除字符串末尾的空格
print(test2.lstrip())	#杀出字符串开头的空格
print(test2.strip())	#删除字符串开头和末尾的空格

2、数字 Number

• 2.1 整数

print(2+3)
print(3-2)
print(2*3)
print(3/2)
print(2**3)
print(3**2)
print((2+3)*4)
print(2+(3*4))

运行结果为：

5
1
6
1.5
8
9
20
14

• 2.2 浮点数

print(0.1+0.1)
print(0.1*0.1)
print(3/0.03)

运行结果为：

0.2
0.010000000000000002
100.0

3、列表 List

• 3.1 访问列表元素

L = ['Bruce','Lee','Jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(L[0])	#打印第一个元素
print(L[1])	#打印第二个元素
print(L[-1])	#打印最后一个元素
print(L[-2])	#打印倒数第二个元素

• 3.2 更改列表中的元素

L = ['Bruce','Lee','Jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(L)
L[1] = 'Pony'   #把列表第二个元素改成‘Pony’
print(L)
L.append('Ada') #在列表末尾添加元素
print(L)
L.insert(1,'Mary')  #在列表第一个元素后边添加一个元素
print(L)
del L[0]    #删除列表第一个元素
print(L)
name1 = L.pop(0)#抛除列表中的一个元素，并把该元素赋值给变量
print(L)
print(name1)
L.remove('Lucy')#删除列表中的具体元素，如果有多个相同的元素，只删除第一个
print(L)

运行结果为：

[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘Jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘Pony’, ‘Jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘Pony’, ‘Jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’, ‘Ada’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘Mary’, ‘Pony’, ‘Jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’, ‘Ada’]
[‘Mary’, ‘Pony’, ‘Jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’, ‘Ada’]
[‘Pony’, ‘Jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’, ‘Ada’]
Mary
[‘Pony’, ‘Jack’, ‘Lina’, ‘Ada’]

• 3.3 对列表排序

L = ['Bruce','Lee','lee','jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(L)
L.sort()	#按字母顺序排序
print(L)
L.sort(key=str.lower)	#按小写字母排序
print(L)
L.sort(reverse=True)	#按字母顺序相反的顺序排序
print(L)

运行结果为：

[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lucy’, ‘jack’, ‘lee’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘jack’, ‘Lee’, ‘lee’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lucy’]

L = ['Bruce','Lee','lee','jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(L)
print(sorted(L,reverse=True))	#临时对列表排序，不改变列表原有的顺序
print(L)

运行结果为：

[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lee’, ‘Bruce’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]

L = ['Bruce','Lee','lee','jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(L)
L.reverse()	#倒着打印列表
print(L)

运行结果为：

[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘Lina’, ‘Lucy’, ‘jack’, ‘lee’, ‘Lee’, ‘Bruce’]

• 3.4 计算列表的长度

L = ['Bruce','Lee','lee','jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(len(L))

运行结果为：

6

• 3.5 遍历列表

L = ['Bruce','Lee','lee','jack','Lucy','Lina']
for name in L:
    print(name)

运行结果为：

Bruce
Lee
lee
jack
Lucy
Lina

• 3.6 列表解析

L1 = [x for x in range(1,10)]
L2 = [x*x for x in range(1,10)if x%2==1]
print(L1)
print(L2)

运行结果为：

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 9, 25, 49, 81]

• 3.7 生成列表

L = list(range(1,10))
print(L)
L = list(range(1,10,2))	#指定步长为2
print(L)

运行结果为：

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

• 3.8 数字列表

L = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
print(min(L)) 
print(max(L))
print(sum(L))

运行结果为：

1
10
55

• 3.9 切片

L = ['Bruce','Lee','lee','jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(L[:2])	#打印前两个元素
print(L[-3:])	#打印后三个元素

• 3.10 复制列表

L = ['Bruce','Lee','lee','jack','Lucy','Lina']
print(L)
L1 = L[:]
L2 = L
L.remove('Lee')
print(L)
print(L1)
print(L2)

运行结果为：

[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘Lee’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]
[‘Bruce’, ‘lee’, ‘jack’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Lina’]

4、元组 Tuple

color = (100,200,150)
print(color[1])
print(color)
color = (50,50,50)
print(color)

运行结果为：

200
(100, 200, 150)
(50, 50, 50)

5、 字典 Dictionary

• 5.1访问字典中的值

people = {'name':'Lucy','age':18,'job':'student'}
print(people['name'])
print(people['age'])
print(people['job'])

运行结果为：

Lucy
18
student

• 5.2 修改字典

people = {'name':'Lucy','age':18,'job':'student'}
print(people)
people['gender'] = 'female' #添加键-值对
print(people)
people['age'] = '10'    #修改键-值对
print(people)
del people['age']   #删除键-值对
print(people)

运行结果为：

{‘name’: ‘Lucy’, ‘age’: 18, ‘job’: ‘student’}
{‘name’: ‘Lucy’, ‘age’: 18, ‘job’: ‘student’, ‘gender’: ‘female’}
{‘name’: ‘Lucy’, ‘age’: ‘10’, ‘job’: ‘student’, ‘gender’: ‘female’}
{‘name’: ‘Lucy’, ‘job’: ‘student’, ‘gender’: ‘female’}

• 5.3 遍历字典

people = {'name':'Lucy','age':18,'job':'student'}
for k,v in people.items():
    print(k + ':' + str(v))

运行结果为：

name:Lucy
age:18
job:student

people = {'name':'Lucy','age':18,'job':'student'}
for k in people.keys():
    print(k)

for v in people.values():
    print(v)

运行结果为：

name
age
job
Lucy
18
student

people = {'name':'Lucy','age':18,'job':'student'}
for k in people.keys():	#获取字典所有键
    print(k)

for v in people.values():	#获取字典所有值
    print(v) 

运行结果为：

name
age
job
Lucy
18
student