Apache想的就是周全，赞一个……

今天学习log4j的时候，用控制台运行程序挺好的，心想，用ant运行下会如何呢，紧接着问题就来……

程序如下：

import org.apache.log4j.BasicConfigurator;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class Log4jTest
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  BasicConfigurator.configure();
  Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Log4jTest.class.getName());
  log.setLevel(Level.INFO);
  log.info("done!");
  log.warn("warn");                                                                                                                  
 }
}

在JAVA控制台运行一切正常，转用ant运行就出问题了！

xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="Test" default="run">
  <target name="init">
    <mkdir dir="Classess" />
    <echo message="just for test!" />
  </target> 
 
  <target name="compile" depends="init">
    <javac srcdir="." destdir="Classess" includes="Log4jTest.java" />
  </target>

  <target name="run" depends="compile">
    <java classname="Log4jTest" classpath="Classess"  />
  </target>
</project>

运行结果如下：

Buildfile: C:/workspace/Test/build.xml
init:
     [echo] just for test!
compile:
run:
     [java] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/BasicConfigurator
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ExecuteJava.execute(ExecuteJava.java:180)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Java.run(Java.java:710)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Java.executeJava(Java.java:178)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Java.execute(Java.java:84)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:275)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:364)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:341)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:369)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1216)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1185)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:40)
     [java] at org.eclipse.ant.internal.ui.antsupport.EclipseDefaultExecutor.executeTargets(EclipseDefaultExecutor.java:32)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1068)
     [java] at org.eclipse.ant.internal.ui.antsupport.InternalAntRunner.run(InternalAntRunner.java:423)
     [java] at org.eclipse.ant.internal.ui.antsupport.InternalAntRunner.main(InternalAntRunner.java:137)
     [java] Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/BasicConfigurator
     [java] at Log4jTest.main(Unknown Source)
     [java] at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
     [java] at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
     [java] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
     [java] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ExecuteJava.run(ExecuteJava.java:202)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ExecuteJava.execute(ExecuteJava.java:134)
     [java] ... 14 more
     [java] --- Nested Exception ---
     [java] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/BasicConfigurator
     [java] at Log4jTest.main(Unknown Source)
     [java] at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
     [java] at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
     [java] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
     [java] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ExecuteJava.run(ExecuteJava.java:202)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ExecuteJava.execute(ExecuteJava.java:134)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Java.run(Java.java:710)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Java.executeJava(Java.java:178)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Java.execute(Java.java:84)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:275)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:364)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:341)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:369)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1216)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1185)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:40)
     [java] at org.eclipse.ant.internal.ui.antsupport.EclipseDefaultExecutor.executeTargets(EclipseDefaultExecutor.java:32)
     [java] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1068)
     [java] at org.eclipse.ant.internal.ui.antsupport.InternalAntRunner.run(InternalAntRunner.java:423)
     [java] at org.eclipse.ant.internal.ui.antsupport.InternalAntRunner.main(InternalAntRunner.java:137)
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second

看到上边的错误，我的第一反映是CLASSPATH没有设置log4j的jar包，但当我把CLASSPATH设置好后，依然出现上边错误！左思右想，没想出问题的原因。难道是必须在xml文件里把jar包的路径加进去？试试！

xml文件修改如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="Test" default="run">
  <target name="init">
    <mkdir dir="Classess" />
    <echo message="just for test!" />
  </target> 
 
  <target name="compile" depends="init">
    <javac srcdir="." destdir="Classess" includes="Log4jTest.java" >
      <classpath>
        < pathelement location="C:/logging-log4j-1.2.13/logging-log4j-1.2.13/dist/lib/log4j-1.2.13.jar"/>
      </classpath>
    </javac>
  </target>

  <target name="run" depends="compile">
    <java classname="Log4jTest" classpath="Classess" >
      <classpath>
         <pathelement location="C:/logging-log4j-1.2.13/logging-log4j-1.2.13/dist/lib/log4j-1.2.13.jar"/>
         <pathelement location="Classess"  />
      </classpath>
    </java>
  </target>
</project>

运行成功！

总结：Apache这样做还是有它的理由的，为了便于程序的移植性，也就是为了让别人也能看懂运行你的程序，你必须把jar包的路径写出来，这样别人通过路径名也能看出这个jar包的信息，如果你设置在CLASSPATH里的话，这些信息对于别的用户来说是不透明的，不利于程序的移植！谢谢方老大的指导：）