一个C程序例子:打印指定日期所属月的月历

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

int days[6][7];
int mdays[] = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
int mdays2[] = {31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

#define is_leap_year(y)      ((!((y) % 4) && ((y) % 100)) || (!((y) % 400)))
#define max_mdays(m, y)      (is_leap_year(y) ? mdays2[m] : mdays[m])

// 计算指定日期与当前日期相差天数
int diff_days(int y1, int m1, int d1, int y2, int m2, int d2)
{
  int d = 0;
  int md = max_mdays(m1, y1);

  while ((y1 != y2) || (m1 != m2) || (d1 != d2))
  {
    d++;
    d1++;
    if (d1 > md)
    {
      d1 = 1;
      m1++;
      if (m1 >= 12)
      {
        m1 = 0;
        y1++;
      }
      md = max_mdays(m1, y1);
    }
  }

  return d;
}

int get_wday(int y, int m, int d)
{
  struct tm tm;
  time_t t;
  int cy, cm, cd, cw;
  int dd, w, f = 0;

  time(&t);
  tm = *localtime(&t);

  cy = tm.tm_year + 1900;
  cm = tm.tm_mon;
  cd = tm.tm_mday;
  cw = tm.tm_wday;

  if (cy < y)
  {
    dd = diff_days(cy, cm, cd, y, m, d);
    f = 1;
  }
  else if (cy > y)
  {
    dd = diff_days(y, m, d, cy, cm, cd);
  }
  else
  {
    if (cm < m)
    {
      dd = diff_days(cy, cm, cd, y, m, d);
      f = 1;
    }
    else if (cm > m)
    {
      dd = diff_days(y, m, d, cy, cm, cd);
    }
    else
    {
      if (cd < d)
      {
        dd = diff_days(cy, cm, cd, y, m, d);
        f = 1;
      }
      else if (cd > d)
      {
        dd = diff_days(y, m, d, cy, cm, cd);
      }
      else
      {
        dd = 0;
      }
    }
  }

  // 计算指定日期是星期几
  w = f ? (cw + (dd % 7)) : (cw - (dd % 7)) ;
  if (w < 0)
  {
    w += 7;
  }

  // 计算指定日期所属月的第一天是星期几
  w = (w - ((d - 1) % 7));
  if (w < 0)
  {
    w += 7;
  }

  return w;
}

int main()
{
  int year, mon, day;
  int i, j, d, w, md;

  printf("请输入日期： ");
  scanf("%d %d %d", &year, &mon, &day);

  if (((mon < 1) || (mon > 12))
     || ((day < 0) || (day > mdays[mon - 1])))
  {
    printf("输入错误! [1 <= 月  <= 12] [1 <= 日 <= 31]/n");
    return -1;
  }

  w = get_wday(year, mon - 1, day);
  md = max_mdays(mon - 1, year);
  d = 1;

  while (d <= md)
  {
    i = w / 7;
    j = w % 7;

    days[i][j] = d++;
    w++;
  }

  printf("/n 日期： %d 年 %d 月 %d日/n", year, mon, day);
  printf("==============================/n");
  printf(" %2s  %2s  %2s  %2s  %2s  %2s  %2s/n", "日", "一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六");
  for (i = 0, d = 0; i < 6; i++)
  {
    for (j = 0; j < 7; j++)
    {
      if (days[i][j])
      {
        d++;
        (d == day) ? printf("[%2d]", d) : printf(" %2d ", d);
      }
      else
      {
        printf("%-4s", "");
      }
    }
    printf("/n");
  }
  printf("==============================/n");

  system("pause");

  return 0;
}