why string concatenation yields no interned one

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String a = "tes";
		String b = a + "t";
		String c = new String("test");
		System.out.println(a.intern() == a); //true
		System.out.println(b.intern() == b); //false
		System.out.println(b.intern() == c.intern()); //true
	}
}

 

操作符+用于字符串时进行了重载，基本可以推测是借用了String的concat方法

 

public String concat(String str) {
    int otherLen = str.length();
    if (otherLen == 0) {
        return this;
    }
		
    char buf[] = new char[count + otherLen];
    getChars(0, count, buf, 0);
    str.getChars(0, otherLen, buf, count);
    return new String(0, count + otherLen, buf);
}

 

该方法就是返回堆中新生成对象的，而不是the interned one

从定义上讲：
String a = "tes";
String b = a + "t";

a是literal，而b就不是literal，也不是string valued constant expression，因为a不是constant
详见：jls §3.10.5：http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/second_edition/html/lexical.doc.html#101083

 

再通过这个验证：

String b = "tes" + "t";
System.out.println(b.intern() == b);

结果为true，ci是string值的常量表达式(string-valued constant expression)，属于例外吧。

 

The following are examples of string literals:

""				// the empty string
"\""				// a string containing " alone
"This is a string"		// a string containing 16 characters
"This is a " +		// actually a string-valued constant expression,
	"two-line string"	// formed from two string literals
	

 

All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned.