1.用XML方式搭建最基础的Spring Web环境

前言：用xml配置的方式，使用spring框架搭建最基础的web项目环境。如果需要更复杂的功能，只需要在此基础上添加组件即可

1.用idea创建Maven项目

maven项目创建之后目录如下

2.修改pom配置文件，添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>xmlspring2</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3.由于创建的maven项目没有webapp目录和web.xml配置文件，所以需要创建

4.创建spring配置文件application.xml和springMVC配置文件spring-servlet.xml（名字自定）

其中application.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.xmlspring2" use-default-filters="true">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"></context:exclude-filter>
    </context:component-scan>
</beans>

其中spring-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.xmlspring2" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"></context:include-filter>
    </context:component-scan>

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

</beans>

注意，别忘了引入名称空间

5.在web.xml文件中配置上面两个xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

6.在controller和service包下创建HelloController和HelloService类用于测试

HelloController.class

package com.example.xmlspring2.controller;

import com.example.xmlspring2.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/hello")
    public  String say(){
        return  helloService.sayHello();
    }

}

HelloService.class

package com.example.xmlspring2.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class HelloService {

    public  String sayHello(){
        return  "Hello World 康忙";
    }
}

7.配置tomcat

8.测试

这是因为汉字导致的乱码，修改代码HelloController