oracle alter table 详解

//建测试表
create table dept(
deptno number(3) primary key,
dname varchar2(10),
loc varchar2(13)
);
create table employee_info(
empno number(3),
deptno number(3),
ename varchar2(10),
sex char(1),
phone number(11),
address varchar2(50),
introduce varchar2(100)
);
--
//0.重命名
//0.1 表:rename dept to dt;
rename dt to dept;
//0.2 列:alter table dept rename column loc to location;
alter table dept rename column location to loc;
//1.添加约束
//1.1 primary key
alter table employee_info add constraint pk_emp_info primary key(empno);
//1.2 foreign key
alter table employee_info add constraint fk_emp_info foreign key(deptno)
references dept(deptno);
//1.3 check
alter table employee_info add constraint ck_emp_info check
(sex in ('F','M'));
//1.4 not null
alter table employee_info modify phone constraint not_null_emp_info not null;
//1.5 unique
alter table employee_info add constraint uq_emp_info unique(phone);
//1.6 default
alter table employee_info modify sex char(2) default 'M';
//2.添加列
alter table employee_info add id varchar2(18);
alter table employee_info add hiredate date default sysdate not null;
//3.删除列
alter table employee_info drop column introduce;
//3.修改列
//3.1 修改列的长度
alter table dept modify loc varchar2(50);
//3.2 修改列的精度
alter table employee_info modify empno number(2);
//3.3 修改列的数据类型
alter table employee_info modify sex char(2);
//3.4 修改默认值
alter table employee_info modify hiredate default sysdate+1;
//4.禁用约束
alter table employee_info disable constraint uq_emp_info;
//5.启用约束
alter table employee_info enable constraint uq_emp_info;
//6.延迟约束
alter table employee_info drop constraint fk_emp_info;
alter table employee_info add constraint fk_emp_info foreign key(deptno)
references dept(deptno)
deferrable initially deferred;
//7.向表中添加注释
comment on table employee_info is 'information of employees';
//8.向列添加注释
comment on column employee_info.ename is 'the name of employees';
comment on column dept.dname is 'the name of department';
//9.清除表中所有数据
truncate table employee_info;
//10.删除表
drop table employee_info;