主机信息查询

主机信息查询

查询一个主机的 MAC 地址或 IP 地址是网络应用程序中经常用到的功能，Qt 提供了 QHostInfo 和 QNetworkInterface 类可以用于此类信息的查询。

QHostInfo

QHostInfo 类用于获取主机相关的信息，例如主机名、IP地址和域名。

• 同步获取本地主机名、IP 地址列表

QString name = QHostInfo::localHostName();
qDebug() << name;

QHostInfo info = QHostInfo::fromName(name);
auto addresses = info.addresses();
for (auto &address : addresses) {
    // 获取其中的 IPv4 地址
    if (address.protocol() == QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol) {
        qDebug() << address.toString();
    }
}

输出结果：

"BmSeven"
"192.168.0.202"
"192.168.192.1"
"192.168.46.1"
"172.31.32.1"

举例：获取本机 IP 地址

QString name = QHostInfo::localHostName();
qDebug() << name;

QHostInfo info = QHostInfo::fromName(name);
auto addresses = info.addresses();
for (auto &address : addresses) {
    // 一个主机名获取的 IP 地址可能不止一个，不过第一个一般是本机设定的 IP 地址
    if (address != QHostAddress::LocalHost && address.toIPv4Address()) {
        qDebug() << address.toString();
        break;
    }
}

• 异步获取主机信息（lookupHost()）

需要制定一个主机名、一个 QObject 指针和一个槽。该函数可以执行名称查找，完成后会调用指定的 QObject 对象的槽，查找工作是在其他线程中进行的，即异步运行。

// 私有槽
private slots:
    void lookUp(const QHsotInfo &host);

// 定义
void Widget::lookedUp(const QHostInfo &host)
{
    if (host.error() != QHostInfo::NoError) {
        qDebug() << "Lookup failed: " << host.errorString();
        return;
    }

    for (auto &address : host.addresses()) {
        qDebug() << address.toString();
    }
}

// 构造函数中调用
int id = QHostInfo::lookupHost("www.baidu.com", this, SLOT(lookedUp(QHostInfo)));
qDebug() << id;

输出结果：

1
"180.101.50.242"
"180.101.50.188"

QNetworkInterface

QNetworkInterface 类用于获取设备的网络接口信息，包括接口名称、硬件地址、IP地址等。

QList<QNetworkInterface> interfaces = QNetworkInterface::allInterfaces();
for (auto &interface : interfaces) {
    // 接口名称
    qDebug() << "interface name: " << interface.name();
    // 硬件地址
    qDebug() << "hardware address: " << interface.hardwareAddress();
    // 获取 IP 地址条目列表，每个条目包含一个 IP 地址、子网掩码和广播地址
    QList<QNetworkAddressEntry> entryList = interface.addressEntries();
    for (auto &entry : entryList) {
        // IP
        qDebug() << "IP Address: " << entry.ip().toString();
        // 子网掩码
        qDebug() << "Netmask: " << entry.netmask().toString();
        // 广播地址
        qDebug() << "Broadcast: " << entry.broadcast().toString();
    }

    qDebug() << "************************";
}

输出结果：

interface name:  "ethernet_32769"
hardware address:  "18:31:BF:C8:60:DA"
IP Address:  "fe80::542e:531a:8074:4df1%ethernet_32769"
Netmask:  "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::"
Broadcast:  ""
IP Address:  "192.168.0.202"
Netmask:  "255.255.255.0"
Broadcast:  "192.168.0.255"
************************
interface name:  "ethernet_32770"
hardware address:  "00:50:56:C0:00:01"
IP Address:  "fe80::384b:137c:62ae:d585%ethernet_32770"
Netmask:  "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::"
Broadcast:  ""
IP Address:  "192.168.46.1"
Netmask:  "255.255.255.0"
Broadcast:  "192.168.46.255"
************************
interface name:  "ethernet_32771"
hardware address:  "00:50:56:C0:00:08"
IP Address:  "fe80::8784:dd05:ed61:2b6%ethernet_32771"
Netmask:  "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::"
Broadcast:  ""
IP Address:  "192.168.192.1"
Netmask:  "255.255.255.0"
Broadcast:  "192.168.192.255"
************************
interface name:  "loopback_0"
hardware address:  ""
IP Address:  "::1"
Netmask:  "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"
Broadcast:  ""
IP Address:  "127.0.0.1"
Netmask:  "255.0.0.0"
Broadcast:  "127.255.255.255"
************************
interface name:  "ethernet_32776"
hardware address:  "00:15:5D:B1:B7:0D"
IP Address:  "fe80::564e:303e:b869:d1a4%ethernet_32776"
Netmask:  "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::"
Broadcast:  ""
IP Address:  "172.31.32.1"
Netmask:  "255.255.240.0"
Broadcast:  "172.31.47.255"
************************

总结

QHsotInfo 主要关注主机名、域名和 IP 地址等主机相关的信息，适用于解析主机信息的场景。
QNetworkInterface 主要关注设备上的网络接口，提供了详细的接口信息，适用于获取设备网络配置的场景。