python面向对象操作2(速通版)

目录

一、私有和公有属性的定义和使用

1.公有属性定义和使用

2.私有属性

二、继承

1.应用

2.子类不能用父类的私有方法

3.子类初始化父类

4.子类重写和调用父类方法

5.多层继承

6.多层继承-初始化过程

7.多继承基本格式

8.多层多继承时的初始化问题

9.多继承初始化传参问题

10.super简化写法

11.影响mro的顺序

12.调用父类两种方法

结语


一、私有和公有属性的定义和使用

1.公有属性定义和使用

公有属性会破坏封装性


class Account(object):
    def __init__(self,name,balance):
        self.name = name
        self.balance = balance

    def show_info(self):
        print(self.name + '有' + self.balance,"元")

jack = Account('JackMa',9999999)
print(jack.name)
print(jack.balance)

jack.name = '郭'
print(jack.name)
print(jack.balance)
class Account(object):
    def __init__(self,name,balance):
        self.name = name
        self.balance = balance

    def show_info(self):
        print(self.name + '有' + self.balance,"元")

jack = Account('JackMa',9999999)
print(jack.name)
print(jack.balance)

jack.name = '郭'
print(jack.name)
print(jack.balance)

2.私有属性

当一个类中的所有属性或方法,全是私有的时候,这个类时无意义的

class Account(object):
    def __init__(self,name,balance):
        self.__name = name
        self.__balance = balance

    def show_info(self):
        print(self.__name+'有',self.__balance,'元')

jack = Account('Jackma',99999999)

jack.show_info()

 私有属性set和get方法


class Account(object):
    def __init__(self,name,balance):
        self.__name = name
        self.__balance = balance

    def show_info(self):
        print(self.__name+'有',self.__balance,'元')

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    def set_balance(self,new_b):
        if isinstance(new_b,int):
            self.__balance = new_b
        else:
            print("不能存放阴间的钱")
    def get_balance(self):
        return self.__balance

jack = Account('Jackma',99999999)

jack.show_info()
jack.set_balance(1000)
m = jack.get_balance()
print(m)
m -= 999
print(m)

二、继承

1.应用

 

class Phone(object):
    def call(self,number):
        print(f'正在给{number}打电话')


class iPhone(Phone):
    def carmera(self):
        print("拍照")

iphonex = iPhone()
iphonex.call('128447873929')
iphonex.carmera()

2.子类不能用父类的私有方法

class Father(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.__money = 999
        self.name = 'tom'
    def __show(self):
        print("这个是父类中的一个私有方法")
    def display(self):
        print("这个是父类中的一个私有方法")

class Son(Father):
    def play(self):
        print("这是子类中的方法")
        #子类不能用父类的私有方法
        self.__show()

s = Son()
s.play()
s.display()

3.子类初始化父类

class Father(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.__money = 999
        self.name = name


class Son(Father):
    pass

#子类初始化父类的init
s = Son('tom')
print(s.name)

但子类有init方法会无法初始化父类


class Father(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.__money = 999
        self.name = name


class Son(Father):
    def __init__(self,age):
        self.age = age

#子类初始化父类的init
s = Son('tom')
print(s.name)

解决办法  就是手动init父类

4.子类重写和调用父类方法

class Father(object):
    def cure(self):
        print("父类")


class Son(Father):
    def cure(self):
        print("子类")


#子类初始化父类的init
s = Son()
s.cure()

class Father(object):
    def cure(self):
        print("父类")


class Son(Father):
    def cure(self):
        Father.cure(self)
        print("子类")


#子类初始化父类的init
s = Son()
s.cure()

5.多层继承

class A(object):
    def a(self):
        print('a function')

class B(A):
    def b(self):
        print('b function')

class C(B):
    def c(self):
        print('c function')

class D(C):
    def d(self):
        print('d function')


d = D()
d.a()
d.b()
d.c()
d.d()

方法重写

class A(object):
    def a(self):
        print('a function')

class B(A):
    def b(self):
        print('b function')

class C(B):
    #重写b
    def b(self):
        print('bc function')
    def c(self):
        print('c function')

class D(C):
    def d(self):
        print('d function')


d = D()
d.a()
d.b()
d.c()
d.d()

6.多层继承-初始化过程

class A(object):
    def __init__(self,a):
        self.a = a
class B(A):
    def __init__(self,a,b):
        A.__init__(self,a)
        self.b = b


class C(B):
    def __init__(self,a,b,c):
        B.__init__(self, a,b)
        self.c = c

class D(C):
    def __init__(self,a,b,c,d):
        C.__init__(self, a,b,c)
        self.d = d


d = D(1,2,3,4)
print(d.a,"  ",d.b,'    ',d.c,"  ",d.d)

7.多继承基本格式

class Father(object):
    def func_fa(self):
        print('Father Function')

class Mother(object):
    def func_mo(self):
        print('Mother function')

class Son(Father,Mother):
    def play(self):
        print('Son Play')

s = Son()
s.play()
s.func_mo()
s.func_fa()

8.多层多继承时的初始化问题

菱形继承

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,aaa):
        print("Person")
        self.aaa = aaa

class Father(Person):
    def __init__(self,aaa,name):
        Person.__init__(self,aaa)
        print("Father")
        self.name = name

class Mother(Person):
    def __init__(self,aaa,age):
        Person.__init__(self, aaa)
        print("Mother")
        self.age = age

class Son(Father,Mother):
    def __init__(self,aaa,name,age,gender):
        print("Son")
        Mother.__init__(self,aaa,age)
        Father.__init__(self,aaa,name)
        self.gender =  gender

s = Son(1,'tom',12,'男')
print("______________________________________________________")
print(s.aaa)
print(s.name)
print(s.age)
print(s.gender)

 

菱形继承的问题如何解决呢?

super解决

让子类调用father,father调用mather,mather调用person,变成线性的


class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,aaa):
        print("Person")
        self.aaa = aaa

class Father(Person):
    def __init__(self,aaa,name,age):
        super(Father,self).__init__(aaa,age)
        print("Father")
        self.name = name

class Mother(Person):
    def __init__(self,aaa,age):
        super(Mother,self).__init__(aaa)
        print("Mother")
        self.age = age

class Son(Father,Mother):
    def __init__(self,aaa,name,age,gender):
        print("Son")
        super(Son,self).__init__(aaa,name,age)
        self.gender =  gender

s = Son(1,'tom',12,'男')
print("______________________________________________________")
print(s.aaa)
print(s.name)
print(s.age)
print(s.gender)

 super的执行过程

mro是个元组,元素的顺序是解释器定义的

注意根据这个列表我们可以得到son——father——mather——person这个顺序

如果顺序不对也会报错

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,aaa):
        print("Person")
        self.aaa = aaa

class Father(Person):
    def __init__(self,aaa,name):
        super(Father,self).__init__(aaa)
        print("Father")
        self.name = name

class Mother(Person):
    def __init__(self,aaa,name,age):
        super(Mother,self).__init__(aaa,name)
        print("Mother")
        self.age = age

class Son(Father,Mother):
    def __init__(self,aaa,name,age,gender):
        print("Son")
        super(Son,self).__init__(aaa,name,age)
        self.gender =  gender

s = Son(1,'tom',12,'男')
print(Son.__mro__)

9.多继承初始化传参问题

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,aaa):
        print("Person")
        self.aaa = aaa

class Father(Person):
    def __init__(self,name,*args):
        #这里不用担心传参的问题,因为这里会自动解包
        super(Father,self).__init__(*args)
        print("Father")
        self.name = name

class Mother(Person):
    def __init__(self,age,aaa):
        super(Mother,self).__init__(aaa)
        print("Mother")
        self.age = age

class Son(Father,Mother):
    def __init__(self,gender,name,age,aaa):
        print("Son")
        super(Son,self).__init__(name,age,aaa)
        self.gender =  gender

s = Son('男','tom',12,1)
print(Son.__mro__)
print(s.name)
print(s.age)
print(s.gender)
print(s.aaa)

10.super简化写法


class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,aaa):
        print("Person")
        self.aaa = aaa

class Father(Person):
    def __init__(self,name,*args):
        #这里不用担心传参的问题,因为这里会自动解包
        #super(Father,self).__init__(*args)
        super().__init__(*args)
        print("Father")
        self.name = name

class Mother(Person):
    def __init__(self,age,aaa):
        #super(Mother,self).__init__(aaa)
        super().__init__(aaa)
        print("Mother")
        self.age = age

class Son(Father,Mother):
    def __init__(self,gender,name,age,aaa):
        print("Son")
        #super(Son,self).__init__(name,age,aaa)
        super().__init__(name, age, aaa)
        self.gender =  gender

s = Son('男','tom',12,1)
print(Son.__mro__)
print(s.name)
print(s.age)
print(s.gender)
print(s.aaa)

11.影响mro的顺序

类的额继承书写顺序会影响mro的顺序,但不会改变mro的顺序

'''
多重多继承时,方法的查找顺序也参考MRO
'''

class A(object):
    pass


class B(A):
    pass

class C(A):
    pass

class D(B,C):
    pass


print(D.__mro__)

'''
多重多继承时,方法的查找顺序也参考MRO
'''

class A(object):
    pass


class B(A):
    pass

class C(A):
    pass

class D(C,B):
    pass


print(D.__mro__)

 最子类的参数书写顺序会影响mro的元素顺序

class A(object):
    def show(self):
        print('A show run ...')

class B(A):
    def show(self):
        print('B show run ...')

class C(A):
    def show(self):
        print('C show run ...')

class D(C,B):
    pass

print(D.__mro__)
D().show()

class A(object):
    def show(self):
        print('A show run ...')

class B(A):
    def show(self):
        print('B show run ...')

class C(A):
    def show(self):
        print('C show run ...')

class D(B,C):
    pass

print(D.__mro__)
D().show()

12.调用父类两种方法

super调用

class A(object):
    def show(self):
        print('A show run ...')

class B(A):
    def show(self):
        print('B show run ...')

class C(A):
    def show(self):
        super().show()
        print('C show run ...')

class D(C,B):
    pass

print(D.__mro__)
D().show()

直接调用

class A(object):
    def show(self):
        print('A show run ...')

class B(A):
    def show(self):
        print('B show run ...')

class C(A):
    def show(self):
        B().show()
        print('C show run ...')

class D(C,B):
    pass

print(D.__mro__)
D().show()

或者


class A(object):
    def show(self):
        print('A show run ...')

class B(A):
    def show(self):
        print('B show run ...')

class C(A):
    def show(self):
        B.show(self)
        print('C show run ...')

class D(C,B):
    pass

print(D.__mro__)
D().show()

因为B.show()的B不是一个对象实例

结语

上班时间不多,尽量多更新,点点赞吧!

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