Mysql 数据库-安装包-离线-下载-安装-教程(Linux环境) 未完待续...

背景

在Linux 环境以离线方式安装Mysql服务

准备材料

需要事先下载好离线安装包
官网链接：下载链接
选择合适的版本，本次教程以5.7.23版本进行安装说明

上传安装包在服务器指定目录

使用 Xftp 工具上传安装包到服务器，我这里以上传到 /root 目录

解压缩安装包到指定目录

此处教程是解压到 /usr/local/mysql 目录，根据个人而定，也可以解压到其他目录

# 创建目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
# 解压缩
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf /root/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql/

重命名文件目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ && mv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.23

创建data目录和logs目录，用于存放数据文件和日志文件

# 根据实际需要创建目录，一般数据目录与安装目录分开，卸载数据库后，数据文件依然存在
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/logs

创建mysql用户、mysql用户组

# 创建mysql用户组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
# 创建mysql用户，并添加到mysql组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd mysql -g mysql

将安装目录，归属于mysql用户和mysql组

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

配置my.cnf文件

1、在目录下创建my_init.cnf配置文件

[root@localhost support-files]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# vi my_init.cnf

2、输入下述内容：

[mysqld]
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 
# 基础目录（路径精确到安装包目录名）
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23
# 数据文件存放目录（可以自由指定，但需要事先创建目录，并赋权限）
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# 消息目录（读取安装包里的share目录）
lc-messages-dir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share
# 数据库服务端口
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
# 日志存放目录（可以自由指定，但需要事先创建目录，并赋权限）
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

3、备份原始文件

[root@localhost support-files]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_bak

4、复制my_init.cnf到/etc目录下

[root@localhost support-files]# cp my_init.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost support-files]# cat /etc/my.cnf

初始化数据库

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.23]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/
# 注意前面的点号  ./ 表示执行命令
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.23]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.23 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

查看日志

可以看到 用户 和 初始密码

[root@localhost logs]# cd /usr/local/mysql/logs/
[root@localhost logs]# less mysqld.log
2022-04-30T06:09:51.981619Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %m1*Kb>?mQ<!

将mysql加入服务

[root@localhost init.d]# cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

设置开机自启动（可选）

[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig mysql on

启动服务

[root@localhost init.d]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS! 

root用户登录mysql

密码是上述日志 mysqld.log 里看到的初始密码

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.23]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.23]# ./bin/mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 

重置密码（必须）

此处将密码重置为 111111，退出；

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '111111';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;

允许远程连接

mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;

重启mysql

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.23]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.23]# 

====================== 分割线 ===========================

常见报错信息信息！！！！

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.23]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.23 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
2022-04-30T05:07:53.388101Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-04-30T05:07:53.388630Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2022-04-30T05:07:53.388666Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
2022-04-30T05:07:53.389341Z 0 [ERROR] Can't find error-message file '/usr/local/mysql-5.7.23/share/errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.
2022-04-30T05:07:53.394164Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2022-04-30T05:07:53.394265Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

解决方案：
1、查找errmsg.sys文件，发现目录是 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share/

[root@localhost share]#  find / -name errmsg.sys
/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share/bulgarian/errmsg.sys
/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share/czech/errmsg.sys
/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share/danish/errmsg.sys
/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share/dutch/errmsg.sys
/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share/english/errmsg.sys

2、因此，在 /etc/my.cnf 添加配置 lc-messages-dir

lc-messages-dir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23/share