Swift 基于Codable协议使用

Codable协议 继承自 Decodable & Encodable

//
// Test1.swift
// TestDemo
//
// Created by admin on 2024/7/9.
//

import Foundation

struct Player{
    var name:String
    var highScore:Int = 0
    var history:[Int] = []
    var address:Address?
    var birthday:Date?
    
    init(name: String) {
        self.name = name
    }
    
}

extension Player{
    mutating func updateScore(_ newScore:Int){
        history.append(newScore)
        if(highScore < newScore){
            highScore = newScore
        }
    }
}

//Codable 继承自 Decodable & Encodable
/*

Codable 是 Swift 中用于简化对象序列化和反序列化的协议组合。它由 Encodable 和 Decodable 组成，分别用于将对象编码为外部表示（如 JSON）和从外部表示解码对象。通过实现 Codable，我们可以轻松地将自定义类型与 JSON 等格式进行转换。

*/

extension Player:Codable{
    /*
     如果 JSON 中的键与结构体中的属性名称不一致，可以使用 CodingKeys 枚举来定义自定义的键映射
     */
    enum CodingKeys:String,CodingKey{
        case name
        case highScore
        case address
        case birthday
        case history = "history1"
    }
}

/*
Codable 同样适用于嵌套类型
*/

struct Address:Codable{
    var street:String
    var citty:String
    var zipCode:String
}

func test111(){
    var player = Player(name: "John")
    player.address = Address(street: "宝田一路", citty: "深圳", zipCode: "2212")
    player.birthday = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 25 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60)
    player.updateScore(121)
    player.updateScore(134)
    /*
     默认情况下，JSONEncoder 和 JSONDecoder 对日期的处理方式可能不符合需求，可以自定义日期格式
     */
    let formatter = DateFormatter()
    formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"
    
    let encoder = JSONEncoder()
    encoder.dateEncodingStrategy = .formatted(formatter)
    let jsonData = try? encoder.encode(player)
    guard let jsonData = jsonData else{
        print("json data is nil")
        return
    }
    let jsonStr = String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8)
    guard let jsonStr = jsonStr else{
        print("json 数据编码失败")
        return
    }
    print("player 转json 字符串 : " + jsonStr)
    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
    decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .formatted(formatter)
    guard let jsonDataDe = jsonStr.data(using: .utf8) else {
        print("json DataDe is null")
        return
    }
    
    //解码异常处理和打印
    var user :Player?
    do {
        user = try decoder.decode(Player.self, from: jsonDataDe)
    } catch let DecodingError.dataCorrupted(context) {
        print(context)
    } catch let DecodingError.keyNotFound(key, context) {
        print("Key '\(key)' not found:", context.debugDescription)
        print("codingPath:", context.codingPath)
    } catch let DecodingError.valueNotFound(value, context) {
        print("Value '\(value)' not found:", context.debugDescription)
        print("codingPath:", context.codingPath)
    } catch let DecodingError.typeMismatch(type, context)  {
        print("Type '\(type)' mismatch:", context.debugDescription)
        print("codingPath:", context.codingPath)
    } catch {
        print("Error: ", error)
    }
    guard let user = user else{
        print("user is null")
        return
    }
    print("name:" + user.name + ",score:" + "\(user.highScore)")
    
    
    
}