1.场景问题解决
1.1 场景描述
两个菜馆合并后的菜单问题. 一个蛋糕店,一个小餐厅,原本各自有各自的菜单,一个为List,一个为Array,合并后出一份菜单.
1.2 OO设计
- MenuItem
public class MenuItem {
private String name,description;
private boolean vegetable;
private float price;
public MenuItem(String name,String description,boolean vegetable,float price)
{
this.name=name;
this.description=description;
this.vegetable=vegetable;
this.price=price;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public String getDescription()
{
return description;
}
public float getPrice()
{
return price;
}
public boolean isVegetable()
{
return vegetable;
}
}
- CakeHouseMenu(蛋糕店,List),DinerMenu(小餐厅,Array),
public class CakeHouseMenu {
private ArrayList<MenuItem> menuItems;
public CakeHouseMenu() {
menuItems = new ArrayList<MenuItem>();
addItem("KFC Cake Breakfast","boiled eggs&toast&cabbage",true,3.99f);
addItem("MDL Cake Breakfast","fried eggs&toast",false,3.59f);
addItem("Stawberry Cake","fresh stawberry",true,3.29f);
addItem("Regular Cake Breakfast","toast&sausage",true,2.59f);
}
private void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetable,
float price) {
MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetable, price);
menuItems.add(menuItem);
}
public ArrayList<MenuItem> getMenuItems() {
return menuItems;
}
}
public class DinerMenu {
private final static int Max_Items=5;
public int numberOfItems=0;
private MenuItem[] menuItems;
public DinerMenu()
{
menuItems=new MenuItem[Max_Items] ;
addItem("vegetable Blt","bacon&lettuce&tomato&cabbage",true,3.58f);
addItem("Blt","bacon&lettuce&tomato",false,3.00f);
addItem("bean soup","bean&potato salad",true,3.28f);
addItem("hotdog","onions&cheese&bread",false,3.05f);
}
private void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetable,
float price) {
MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetable, price);
if(numberOfItems>=Max_Items)
{
System.err.println("sorry,menu is full!can not add another item");
}else{
menuItems[numberOfItems]=menuItem;
numberOfItems++;
}
}
public MenuItem[] getMenuItems() {
return menuItems;
}
}
- MergeMenu 合并后的菜单
public class MergeMenu {
private CakeHouseMenu mCakeHouseMenu;
private DinerMenu mDinerMenu;
private ArrayList<MenuItem> cakeitems;
private MenuItem[] dineritems;
public MergeMenu() {
mCakeHouseMenu = new CakeHouseMenu();
cakeitems = mCakeHouseMenu.getMenuItems();
mDinerMenu = new DinerMenu();
dineritems = mDinerMenu.getMenuItems();
}
public void printMenu() {
MenuItem menuItem;
for (int i = 0, len = cakeitems.size(); i < len; i++) {
menuItem = cakeitems.get(i);
System.out.println(menuItem.getName() + "***"
+menuItem.getPrice()+"***"+ menuItem.getDescription());
}
for (int i = 0, len = mDinerMenu.numberOfItems; i < len; i++) {
menuItem = dineritems[i];
System.out.println(menuItem.getName() + "***"
+menuItem.getPrice()+"***"+ menuItem.getDescription());
}
}
- 合并菜单测试类
public class TestMergeMenu1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MergeMenu mergeMenu=new MergeMenu();
mergeMenu.printMenu();
}
}
1.3 需求变动
如果加入新的餐厅,或者菜单的数据接口有变动,那么就会要修改合并菜单类. 违背了对修改关闭的原则.
2.用设计模式改进
2.1 分析
2.2 重新设计
对接口开发,让类之间的耦合度降低.
2.3 源码
- MenuItem 菜单实例对象
public class MenuItem {
private String name,description;
private boolean vegetable;
private float price;
public MenuItem(String name,String description,boolean vegetable,float price)
{
this.name=name;
this.description=description;
this.vegetable=vegetable;
this.price=price;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public String getDescription()
{
return description;
}
public float getPrice()
{
return price;
}
public boolean isVegetable()
{
return vegetable;
}
}
- 迭代器接口 Iterator
public interface Iterator {
public boolean hasNext();
public Object next();
}
- CakeHouseMenu(蛋糕店,List),DinerMenu(小餐厅,Array),
public class CakeHouseMenu {
private ArrayList<MenuItem> menuItems;
public CakeHouseMenu() {
menuItems = new ArrayList<MenuItem>();
addItem("KFC Cake Breakfast","boiled eggs&toast&cabbage",true,3.99f);
addItem("MDL Cake Breakfast","fried eggs&toast",false,3.59f);
addItem("Stawberry Cake","fresh stawberry",true,3.29f);
addItem("Regular Cake Breakfast","toast&sausage",true,2.59f);
}
private void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetable,
float price) {
MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetable, price);
menuItems.add(menuItem);
}
public Iterator getIterator(){
return new CakeHouseIterator() ;
}
class CakeHouseIterator implements Iterator{
private int position=0;
public CakeHouseIterator(){
position=0;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(position<menuItems.size()){
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public Object next() {
MenuItem menuItem =menuItems.get(position);
position++;
return menuItem;
}
};
}
public class DinerMenu {
private final static int Max_Items = 5;
private int numberOfItems = 0;
private MenuItem[] menuItems;
public DinerMenu() {
menuItems = new MenuItem[Max_Items];
addItem("vegetable Blt", "bacon&lettuce&tomato&cabbage", true, 3.58f);
addItem("Blt", "bacon&lettuce&tomato", false, 3.00f);
addItem("bean soup", "bean&potato salad", true, 3.28f);
addItem("hotdog", "onions&cheese&bread", false, 3.05f);
}
private void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetable,
float price) {
MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetable, price);
if (numberOfItems >= Max_Items) {
System.err.println("sorry,menu is full!can not add another item");
} else {
menuItems[numberOfItems] = menuItem;
numberOfItems++;
}
}
public Iterator getIterator() {
return new DinerIterator();
}
class DinerIterator implements Iterator {
private int position;
public DinerIterator() {
position = 0;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if (position < numberOfItems) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public Object next() {
MenuItem menuItem = menuItems[position];
position++;
return menuItem;
}
};
}
- MergeMenu(合并后的菜单)
public class MergeMenu {
private ArrayList<Iterator> iterators=new ArrayList<Iterator>();
public MergeMenu() {
}
public void addIterator(Iterator iterator){
iterators.add(iterator);
}
public void printMenu() {
Iterator iterator;
MenuItem menuItem;
for (int i = 0, len = iterators.size(); i < len; i++) {
iterator = iterators.get(i);
while(iterator.hasNext()){
menuItem=(MenuItem) iterator.next();
System.out.println(menuItem.getName() + "***"
+menuItem.getPrice()+"***"+ menuItem.getDescription());
}
}
}
}
- TestMergeMenu2 测试类
public class TestMergeMenu2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MergeMenu mergeMenu=new MergeMenu();
CakeHouseMenu mCakeHouseMenu = new CakeHouseMenu();
DinerMenu mDinerMenu = new DinerMenu();
mergeMenu.addIterator(mCakeHouseMenu.getIterator());
mergeMenu.addIterator(mDinerMenu.getIterator());
mergeMenu.printMenu();
}
}
3.设计模式总结
3.1 定义
迭代器模式： 提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中的各个对象.
原有的聚合对象可以独立扩容,并且以后新的聚合对象可以轻松加入,满足以后的扩容性.
单一职责原则: 一个类应该只有一个引起变化的原因
3.2 分析思路
4. 设计模式使用场景及注意
4.1 java内置迭代器
- MenuItem 菜单实例对象
public class MenuItem {
private String name,description;
private boolean vegetable;
private float price;
public MenuItem(String name,String description,boolean vegetable,float price)
{
this.name=name;
this.description=description;
this.vegetable=vegetable;
this.price=price;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public String getDescription()
{
return description;
}
public float getPrice()
{
return price;
}
public boolean isVegetable()
{
return vegetable;
}
}
- CakeHouseMenu(蛋糕店,List),DinerMenu(小餐厅,Array), ,新增CafeMenu(咖啡馆HashTable)
public class CakeHouseMenu {
private ArrayList<MenuItem> menuItems;
private int position=0;
public CakeHouseMenu() {
menuItems = new ArrayList<MenuItem>();
addItem("KFC Cake Breakfast","boiled eggs&toast&cabbage",true,3.99f);
addItem("MDL Cake Breakfast","fried eggs&toast",false,3.59f);
addItem("Stawberry Cake","fresh stawberry",true,3.29f);
addItem("Regular Cake Breakfast","toast&sausage",true,2.59f);
}
private void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetable,
float price) {
MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetable, price);
menuItems.add(menuItem);
}
public Iterator getIterator(){
return menuItems.iterator();
}
}
public class DinerMenu {
private final static int Max_Items = 5;
private int numberOfItems = 0;
private MenuItem[] menuItems;
public DinerMenu() {
menuItems = new MenuItem[Max_Items];
addItem("vegetable Blt", "bacon&lettuce&tomato&cabbage", true, 3.58f);
addItem("Blt", "bacon&lettuce&tomato", false, 3.00f);
addItem("bean soup", "bean&potato salad", true, 3.28f);
addItem("hotdog", "onions&cheese&bread", false, 3.05f);
}
private void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetable,
float price) {
MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetable, price);
if (numberOfItems >= Max_Items) {
System.err.println("sorry,menu is full!can not add another item");
} else {
menuItems[numberOfItems] = menuItem;
numberOfItems++;
}
}
public Iterator getIterator() {
return new DinerIterator();
}
class DinerIterator implements Iterator {
private int position = 0;
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if (position < numberOfItems) {
return true;
}
position = 0;
return false;
}
@Override
public Object next() {
MenuItem menuItem = menuItems[position];
position++;
return menuItem;
}
@Override
public void remove() {
}
}
}
public class CafeMenu {
private Hashtable<String,MenuItem> menuItems=new Hashtable<String,MenuItem>();
public CafeMenu(){
addItem("Moca Burger","moca&bruger&tomato",true,3.56f);
addItem("Soup Latte","Latte&salad&soup",true,3.26f);
addItem("Burrito","bacon&toamto&beans",false,3.96f);
}
private void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetable,
float price) {
MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetable, price);
menuItems.put(name, menuItem);
}
public Iterator getIterator(){
return menuItems.values().iterator();
}
}
- MergeMenu合并菜单
public class MergeMenu {
private ArrayList<Iterator> iterators=new ArrayList<Iterator>();
public MergeMenu() {
}
public void addIterator(Iterator iterator){
iterators.add(iterator);
}
public void printMenu() {
Iterator iterator;
MenuItem menuItem;
for (int i = 0, len = iterators.size(); i < len; i++) {
iterator = iterators.get(i);
while(iterator.hasNext()){
menuItem=(MenuItem) iterator.next();
System.out.println(menuItem.getName() + "***"
+menuItem.getPrice()+"***"+ menuItem.getDescription());
}
}
}
}
- 测试类
public class TestMergeMenu3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MergeMenu mergeMenu=new MergeMenu();
CakeHouseMenu mCakeHouseMenu = new CakeHouseMenu();
DinerMenu mDinerMenu = new DinerMenu();
CafeMenu mCafeMenu=new CafeMenu();
mergeMenu.addIterator(mCakeHouseMenu.getIterator());
mergeMenu.addIterator(mDinerMenu.getIterator());
mergeMenu.addIterator(mCafeMenu.getIterator());
mergeMenu.printMenu();
}
}
5.参考文章
内容总计于HeadFirst设计模式及相关视频
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