python的输入输出
输入:
input(), raw_input()
1. input(): 用于收集数字输入
>>>a=input("input a:")
input a:2
>>> a
2
#可以输入一个变量:
>> a=input("inputa:")
input a:a
>>> a
2
#无法接收字符
>>>a=input("input a:")
input a:b
Traceback (mostrecent call last):
File "<pyshell#7>", line 1,in <module>
a=input("input a:")
File "<string>", line 1, in<module>
NameError: name'b' is not defined
2. raw_input():把用户输入的任何内容都保存为一个字符串;
>>>a=raw_input('input a:')
input a:2
>>> a
'2'
3. 强制类型转换
>>>a='2'
>>>b=float(a)
>>> b
2.0
不能转换则会抛出错误
4. 密码输入
python 自带了一个库 getpass
>>>from getpass import getpass
>>>password=getpass()
password:
>>>password
'rrrr'
5. 清理用户的输入
使用strip()函数
6. 格式化输出
对字符串使用format()函数
例1
>>>greeting='Good {} ,{} are fine!'
>>>time='morning'
>>>people='I'
>>>print greeting.format(time,people)
Good morning ,I are fine!
花括号的值和format()中的变量一一对应
例2
greeting='Good{time}, {people} are fine'
>>>print greeting.format(time='morning',people='I')
Good morning,I are fine
>>>greeting
'Good{time}, {people} are fine'
>>>time='morning'
>>>people='I'
>>>print greeting.format(time=time,people=people)
Good morning, I are fine
例3
people='{0},{1},{2}'
>>> print people.format('students','teachers','parents')
students,teachers,parents
花括号中的值从0开始
people='{2}'
>>> print people.format('students','teachers','parents')
parents
花括号中的标号,和format中的变量是对应的