blp 4th edition-Chapter 12-Posix threads

创建线程

int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,pthread_attr_t *attr,void *(*start_routine)(void *),void *arg);

return 0 on success,an error number if anything goes wrong

结束线程

void pthread_exit(void * retval);

等待线程结束，线程版的wait

int pthread_join(pthread_t th,void * * thread_return);

取消线程

int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread);

int pthread_setcancelstate(int state,int * oldstate);

unix下函数经常有个old*参数用来保存之前的值用来retrieve

state可以是PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENALE 或者PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE

int pthread_setcanceltype(int type,int * oldtype);

还可以用上面的函数来设置cancel,如果是PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS，那么cancel立即执行

如果是PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED那么等待thread从pthread_join等cancel point函数后才cancel

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创建binary semaphore

int sem_init(set_t *sem,int pshared,unsigned int value);

Linux下面pshared通常为0，表示只与同一进程中的线程共享

PV原子操作

int sem_wait(set_t * sem);

int sem_post(set_t * sem);

int sem_trywait(set_t * sem);

int sem_destory(sem_t * sem);

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创建Mutex

int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t * mutex,const pthread_muteattr_t * mutexattr);

锁与解锁

int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t * mutex);

int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t * mutex);

int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t * mutex);

pthread多线程的函数一般return 0 on success,erro number if fail

 

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线程属性 Thread Attributes

初始化Thread Attributes

int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t * attr);

int pthread_attr_destroy(pthead_attr_t * attr);

下面的四个函数比较常用

int pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t * attr,int detachstate);

int pthread_attr_getdetachstate(pthread_attr_t * attr,int * detachstate);

上面两个函数detachstate avoid the need for threads to rejoin，the value may be PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE and PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED

int pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(pthread_attr_t * attr,int policy);

int pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(const pthread_attr_t * attr,int * policy);

上面两个函数controls how threads are scheduled,the value may be SCHED_OTHER(default),SCHED_RR,SCHED_FIFO

#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> #define NUM_THREADS 6 void *thread_function(void *arg); int main() { int res; pthread_t a_thread[NUM_THREADS]; void *thread_result; int lots_of_threads; for(lots_of_threads = 0; lots_of_threads < NUM_THREADS; lots_of_threads++) { res = pthread_create(&(a_thread[lots_of_threads]), NULL, thread_function, (void *)lots_of_threads); if (res != 0) { perror("Thread creation failed"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* sleep(1); */ } printf("Waiting for threads to finish.../n"); for(lots_of_threads = NUM_THREADS - 1; lots_of_threads >= 0; lots_of_threads--) { res = pthread_join(a_thread[lots_of_threads], &thread_result); if (res == 0) { printf("Picked up a thread/n"); } else { perror("pthread_join failed"); } } printf("All done/n"); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } void *thread_function(void *arg) { int my_number = (int)arg; int rand_num; printf("thread_function is running. Argument was %d/n", my_number); rand_num=1+(int)(9.0*rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0)); sleep(rand_num); printf("Bye from %d/n", my_number); pthread_exit(NULL); }