XML(eXtensible Markup Language)：可扩展标记语言，描述事物本身
Namespace(命名空间)
比如：下面的XML文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<policeman
xmlns="http://www.police.net/policeman.dtd"
xmlns:X="http://www.police.net/criminal.dtd">
<name>张三</name>
<X:criminal>
<X:name>李四</X:name>
</X:criminal>
</policeman>
这里的<name>就属于"http://www.police.net/policeman.dtd"这个命名空间下，而<X:criminal>和</X:name>就属于"http://www.police.net/criminal.dtd"这个命名空间下。
特殊字符：
> >
< <
& &
" "
' '
XSL(eXtensible Stylesheet Language)：展现事务表现形式
icecream.xml文件内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="icecream_search.xsl"?>
<icecream_shop>
<name>冰激凌专营店</name>
<icecream>
<货号>00134679</货号>
<品名>吃了必吐</品名>
<价格>75.00</价格>
<描述页 网址="http://www.icecream.com/ouou.html">详细了解请到这里</描述页>
</icecream>
<icecream>
<货号>00258423</货号>
<品名>吐了再吃</品名>
<价格>40.00</价格>
<描述页 网址="http://www.icecream.com/etet.html">详细了解请到这里</描述页>
</icecream>
</icecream_shop>
icecream_search.xsl文件内容(下面<xsl:value-of select="*/name"/>之类是xsl语法)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<head><title>结果</title></head>
<body>
<div align="center"><p>冰激凌</p></div>
<div align="center"><p>
<xsl:value-of select="*/name"/>
</p></div>
<xsl:apply-templates select="icecream_shop"/>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="icecream_shop">
<p align="center">
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>货号</td>
<td>品名</td>
<td>价格</td>
<td>描述页</td>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="icecream">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="货号"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="品名"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="价格"/></td>
<td>
<a>
<xsl:attribute name="href">
<xsl:value-of select="描述页/@网址"/>
</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:value-of select="描述页"/>
</a>
</td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</p>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
用IE打开icecream.xml
DTD&Schema：定义XML的语法，约束XML
DTD
book.dtd(现在用的很少了)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?> <!ELEMENT books (book*)> <!-- 元素"book"，其下子元素: name(有且仅有一次)、author(至少一个)、price(0个或多个)，如果是?的话，表示0个或一个，这里"name,author+,price*"是用逗号隔开，表示显示必须按照这个顺序，如果用空格隔开，表示显示没有顺序 --> <!ELEMENT book (name,author+,price*)> <!-- 元素"book"必须有id属性，并且值不能是数字 --> <!ATTLIST book id ID #REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST author sex CDATA 'male'> <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)> <!-- 约束"price"标签中"unit"属性，有三个选择：RMB|dollar|yen，默认RMB --> <!ATTLIST price unit (RMB|dollar|yen) 'RMB'>
book.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?> <!-- <!DOCTYPE 根元素名 SYSTEM "DTD文件名"> --> <!DOCTYPE books SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <books> <book id="p1"> <name>萍踪侠影</name> <author sex="male">梁羽生</author> <price unit="RMB">100.60</price> </book> <book id="p2"> <name>岳阳楼记</name> <author>范仲淹</author> <price unit="dollar">76.8</price> </book> </books>
Schema
(1)user.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/user" xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/user" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <element name="user"> <complexType> <sequence> <element name="id" type="int"/> <element name="username" type="string"/> <element name="born" type="date"/> </sequence> </complexType> </element> </schema>
user_1.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <user xmlns="http://www.example.org/user" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/user"> <id>1</id> <username>张三</username> <born>1989-12-02</born> </user>
user_2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <user xmlns="http://www.example.org/user" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="user.xsd"> <id>2</id> <username>李四</username> <born>1988-08-02</born> </user>
(2)books.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/books" xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/books" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <element name="books"> <complexType> <!-- maxOccurs表示最大出现次数(unbounded表示无限制) --> <sequence maxOccurs="unbounded"> <element name="book"> <complexType> <sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <element name="title" type="string" /> <element name="content" type="string" /> <choice> <element name="author" type="string" /> <element name="authors"> <complexType> <all><!-- 表示每个元素只能出现一次 --> <element name="author1" type="string"/> <element name="author2" type="string"/> </all> </complexType> </element> </choice> </sequence> <attribute name="id" type="int" use="required"/> </complexType> </element> </sequence> </complexType> </element> </schema>
books.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <book:books xmlns:book="http://www.example.org/books" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/books"> <book:book id="1"> <book:title>Java in action</book:title> <book:content>Java is good</book:content> <book:author>Bruce</book:author> </book:book> <book:book id="2"> <book:title>SOA in action</book:title> <book:content>soa is difficult</book:content> <book:authors> <book:author1>Jike</book:author1> <book:author2>Tom</book:author2> </book:authors> </book:book> </book:books>
(3)book.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/book" xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/book" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <element name="book" type="tns:bookType"/> <element name="id" type="int"/> <element name="title" type="string"/> <element name="content" type="string"/> <complexType name="bookType"> <sequence> <element ref="tns:id"/> <element ref="tns:title"/> <element ref="tns:content"/> </sequence> </complexType> </schema>
book.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <book xmlns="http://www.example.org/book" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/book"> <id>1</id> <title>java</title> <content>hello</content> </book>
(4)person.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/person"
xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/person"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<element name="person" type="tns:personType"/>
<complexType name="personType">
<sequence>
<element name="name" type="string"/>
<element name="age" type="tns:ageType"/>
<element name="email" type="tns:emailType"/>
</sequence>
<attribute name="sex" type="tns:sexType"/>
</complexType>
<simpleType name="ageType">
<restriction base="int">
<minInclusive value="1"/>
<maxExclusive value="150"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
<simpleType name="emailType">
<restriction base="string">
<pattern value="(\w+\.*)*\w+@\w+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}"/>
<minLength value="6"/>
<maxLength value="255"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
<simpleType name="sexType">
<restriction base="string">
<enumeration value="男"/>
<enumeration value="女"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
</schema>
person.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <person xmlns="http://www.example.org/person" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/person" sex="男"> <name>张三</name> <age>20</age> <email>zhangsan@126.com</email> </person>
(5)xsd文件包含的使用
student.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/classroom" xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/classroom" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:element name="student" type="tns:studentType"/> <xsd:complexType name="studentType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="sex" type="tns:sexType"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:simpleType name="sexType"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:enumeration value="男"/> <xsd:enumeration value="女"/> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType> </xsd:schema>
classroom.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/classroom" xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/classroom" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:include schemaLocation="student.xsd"/> <xsd:element name="classroom" type="tns:classroomType"/> <xsd:complexType name="classroomType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="grade" type="tns:gradeType"/> <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element name="student" type="tns:studentType"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:simpleType name="gradeType"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int"> <xsd:minInclusive value="2000"/> <xsd:maxInclusive value="3000"/> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType> </xsd:schema>
classroom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <classroom xmlns="http://www.example.org/classroom" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/classroom"> <grade>2500</grade> <name>自习室</name> <student> <name>张三</name> <sex>男</sex> </student> <student> <name>李四</name> <sex>女</sex> </student> </classroom>
DOM&SAX
DOM：所有数据位于内存。
SAX：流程性分析，不必把所有数据加载到内存中，可分析大型的XML文件，常用于server-side的XML转换。
(3)用jdom读取xml文件的例子
global-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <sys-config> <jdbc-info> <driver-class-name>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver-class-name> <url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydata</url> <user-name>root</user-name> <password>root</password> </jdbc-info> </sys-config>
GlobalConfig.java
package com.test.jdbc;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.xpath.XPath;
import com.test.jdbc.bean.JDBCInfo;
public class GlobalConfig {
private static GlobalConfig instance = new GlobalConfig();
private static final String CONFIG_FILE_NAME = "global-config.xml";
private Element rootElement;
private JDBCInfo jdbcInfo = new JDBCInfo();
public JDBCInfo getJdbcInfo() {
return jdbcInfo;
}
private GlobalConfig() {
SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
try {
Document doc = sb.build(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream(CONFIG_FILE_NAME));
rootElement = doc.getRootElement();
initJDBCInfo();
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static GlobalConfig getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public void initJDBCInfo() {
try {
Element driverClassName = (Element) XPath.selectSingleNode(rootElement,
"//sys-config/jdbc-info/driver-class-name");
jdbcInfo.setDriverClassName(driverClassName.getText());
Element url = (Element) XPath.selectSingleNode(rootElement,
"//sys-config/jdbc-info/url");
jdbcInfo.setUrl(url.getText());
Element userName = (Element) XPath.selectSingleNode(rootElement,
"//sys-config/jdbc-info/user-name");
jdbcInfo.setUserName(userName.getText());
Element password = (Element) XPath.selectSingleNode(rootElement,
"//sys-config/jdbc-info/password");
jdbcInfo.setPassword(password.getText());
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
JDBCInfo.java
package com.test.jdbc.bean;
public class JDBCInfo {
private String driverClassName;
private String url;
private String userName;
private String password;
public String getDriverClassName() {
return driverClassName;
}
public void setDriverClassName(String driverClassName) {
this.driverClassName = driverClassName;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String toString() {
return "JDBCInfo [driverClassName=" + driverClassName + ", url=" + url + ", userName="
+ userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
}
}
TestJDBCForGlobalConfig.java
package com.test.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import com.test.jdbc.bean.JDBCInfo;
public class TestJDBCForGlobalConfig {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JDBCInfo jdbcInfo = GlobalConfig.getInstance().getJdbcInfo();
ResultSet rs = null;
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
Class.forName(jdbcInfo.getDriverClassName());
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcInfo.getUrl(), jdbcInfo.getUserName(), jdbcInfo.getPassword());
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from dept");
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString("dname") + " " + rs.getInt("deptno"));
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (rs != null) {
rs.close();
rs = null;
}
if (stmt != null) {
stmt.close();
stmt = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
(4)用jdom生成xml文件的例子
package com.test.xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.output.Format;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
/**
* <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
* <peoples>
* <people>
* <name>张三</name>
* <sex>男</sex>
* </people>
* <people>
* <name>李四</name>
* <sex>女</sex>
* </people>
* </peoples>
*/
public class XMLWriter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Element peoplesElement = new Element("peoples");
Element peopleElement1 = new Element("people");
Element nameElement1 = new Element("name");
nameElement1.addContent("张三");
Element sexElement1 = new Element("sex");
sexElement1.addContent("男");
Element peopleElement2 = new Element("people");
Element nameElement2 = new Element("name");
nameElement2.addContent("李四");
Element sexElement2 = new Element("sex");
sexElement2.addContent("女");
peopleElement1.addContent(nameElement1);
peopleElement1.addContent(sexElement1);
peopleElement2.addContent(nameElement2);
peopleElement2.addContent(sexElement2);
peoplesElement.addContent(peopleElement1);
peoplesElement.addContent(peopleElement2);
Document doc = new Document(peoplesElement);
XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter();
out.setFormat(Format.getCompactFormat().setEncoding("GB2312"));
String xml = out.outputString(doc);
System.out.println(xml);
try {
out.output(doc, new FileOutputStream("d:/test.xml"));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
注：记得引入jdom的jar包
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