二、前面我们实现的能够并发服务的服务器端程序是使用fork出多个子进程来实现的,现在学习了select函数,可以用它来改进服务器端程序,实现单进程并发服务。先看如下程序,再来解释:
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/************************************************************************* > File Name: echoser.c > Author: Simba > Mail: dameng34@163.com > Created Time: Fri 01 Mar 2013 06:15:27 PM CST ************************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<errno.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<string.h> #include<signal.h> #include<sys/wait.h> #include "read_write.h" #define ERR_EXIT(m) \ do { \ perror(m); \ exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \ } while ( 0) int main( void) { signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); int listenfd; //被动套接字(文件描述符),即只可以accept, 监听套接字 if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0) // listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0) ERR_EXIT( "socket error"); struct sockaddr_in servaddr; memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr)); servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; servaddr.sin_port = htons( 5188); servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); */ /* inet_aton("127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr); */ int on = 1; if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) ERR_EXIT( "setsockopt error"); if (bind(listenfd, ( struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) ERR_EXIT( "bind error"); if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0) //listen应在socket和bind之后,而在accept之前 ERR_EXIT( "listen error"); struct sockaddr_in peeraddr; //传出参数 socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr); //传入传出参数,必须有初始值 int conn; // 已连接套接字(变为主动套接字,即可以主动connect) int i; int client[FD_SETSIZE]; int maxi = 0; // client数组中最大不空闲位置的下标 for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) client[i] = - 1; int nready; int maxfd = listenfd; fd_set rset; fd_set allset; FD_ZERO(&rset); FD_ZERO(&allset); FD_SET(listenfd, &allset); while ( 1) { rset = allset; nready = select(maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL); if (nready == - 1) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; ERR_EXIT( "select error"); } if (nready == 0) continue; if (FD_ISSET(listenfd, &rset)) { conn = accept(listenfd, ( struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr, &peerlen); //accept不再阻塞 if (conn == - 1) ERR_EXIT( "accept error"); for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) { if (client[i] < 0) { client[i] = conn; if (i > maxi) maxi = i; break; } } if (i == FD_SETSIZE) { fprintf(stderr, "too many clients\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf( "recv connect ip=%s port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port)); FD_SET(conn, &allset); if (conn > maxfd) maxfd = conn; if (--nready <= 0) continue; } for (i = 0; i <= maxi; i++) { conn = client[i]; if (conn == - 1) continue; if (FD_ISSET(conn, &rset)) { char recvbuf[ 1024] = { 0}; int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024); if (ret == - 1) ERR_EXIT( "readline error"); else if (ret == 0) { //客户端关闭 printf( "client close \n"); FD_CLR(conn, &allset); client[i] = - 1; close(conn); } fputs(recvbuf, stdout); writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf)); if (--nready <= 0) break; } } } return 0; } |