shell中expect介绍

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-13 17:43:36 发布

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shell中expect介绍

expect介绍

借助Expect处理交互的命令,可以将交互过程如:ssh登录,ftp登录等写在一个脚本上,使之自动化完成.尤其适用于需要对多台服务器执行相同操作的环境中,可以大大提高系统管理人员的工作效率

expect安装

[root@ansible ssh]# rpm -qa | grep expect
expect-5.45-14.el7_1.x86_64
[root@ansible ssh]# yum install expect

expect 语法

expect [选项] [ -c cmds ] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile ] [ args ]

选项

-c：从命令行执行expect脚本，默认expect是交互地执行的

示例：expect -c 'expect "\n" {send "pressed enter\n"}

-d：可以输出输出调试信息

示例：expect -d ssh.exp

expect中相关命令

spawn：启动新的进程

send：用于向进程发送字符串

expect：从进程接收字符串

interact：允许用户交互

exp_continue 匹配多个字符串在执行动作后加此命令

expect最常用的语法(tcl语言:模式-动作)

单一分支模式语法：

expect “hi” {send “You said hi\n"} 匹配到hi后,会输出“you said hi”，并换行

多分支模式语法:

expect "hi" { send "You said hi\n" } \ "hehe" { send “Hehe yourself\n" } \ "bye" { send “Good bye\n" }

匹配hi,hello,bye任意字符串时,执行相应输出.等同如下:

expect { "hi" { send "You said hi\n"} "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself\n"} "bye" { send “Good bye\n"} }

自动拷贝文件到远程主机

执行expect 不能以bash file 的方式来执行 (开启一个子shell进程)

必须通过 chmod +x file ./file 这样的方式 (不会开启子shell进程,只在当前shell环境中执行)

expect 如果只交互一次如拷贝文件结尾就使用 expect eof

如果需要连续交互如登录远程主机执行各种命令结尾就需使用 interact

复制代码

1.安装expect  系统默认没有此命令
   yum install expect

2.创建配置文件
[root@ansible ssh]# vi hosts
192.168.31.134 root root
192.168.31.135 root root
192.168.31.136 root root

3.编写脚本
[root@ansible ssh]# ls
copykey.sh  hosts
[root@ansible ssh]# vi copykey.sh 
#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then
 ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
else
 echo "id_rsa has created ..."
fi
#分发到各个节点
while read line
  do
    user=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2`
    ip=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1`
    passwd=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3`
    expect <<EOF
      set timeout 10
      spawn ssh-copy-id $user@$ip
      expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
        "password" { send "$passwd\n" }
      }
     expect "password" { send "$passwd\n" }
EOF
  done <  hosts

4.给脚本执行权限
  chmod +x copykey.sh

5.执行脚本
   ./copykey.sh

复制代码

 1 #!/usr/bin/expect
 2 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root
 3 expect {
 4      "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
 5      "password" { send "root\n" }
 6 }
 7 expect eof
 8 
 9 
10 
11 [root@centos7 ~]# bash one.expect 
12 one.expect: line 2: spawn: command not found
13 couldn't read file "{": no such file or directory
14 one.expect: line 4: yes/no: No such file or directory
15 one.expect: line 4: exp_continue: command not found
16 one.expect: line 5: password: command not found
17 one.expect: line 6: syntax error near unexpected token `}'
18 one.expect: line 6: `}'
19 [root@centos7 ~]# ./one.expect 
20 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root
21 The authenticity of host '192.168.33.129 (192.168.33.129)' can't be established.
22 RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:FzQU22CgZBnSbmZAuoypliidxPK9PsOFjJwcYUZWk5E.
23 RSA key fingerprint is MD5:a8:2b:51:c3:dc:09:65:89:78:d2:d5:e0:9f:e9:30:1a.
24 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
25 Warning: Permanently added '192.168.33.129' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
26 root@192.168.33.129's password: 
27 fstab

复制代码

 1 #!/usr/bin/expect 
 2   set ip [lindex $argv 0] 
 3   set user [lindex $argv 1] 
 4   set password [lindex $argv 2] 
 5   set timeout 10 
 6   spawn ssh $user@$ip 
 7    expect {   
 8        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }         
 9        "password" { send "$password\n" } 
10     } 
11    expect "]#" { send "useradd haha\n" }
12    expect "]#" { send "echo aaa|passwd --stdin haha\n" }
13    send "exit\n" expect eof 
14   #./ssh4.exp 192.168.8.100 root aa

复制代码

 1 #!/bin/bash 
 2 ip=$1  
 3 user=$2 
 4 password=$3 
 5 expect <<EOF  
 6     set timeout 10 
 7     spawn ssh $user@$ip 
 8     expect { 
 9         "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } 
10         "password" { send "$password\n" }
11     } 
12     expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" } 
13     expect "]#" { send "echo rrr|passwd --stdin hehe\n" } 
14     expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof 
15  EOF  
16  #./ssh5.sh 192.168.8.100 root aaa