在hibernate里面调用session的delete方法以后,无论这个被删除的对象有没有被人外键引用到,都可以被删除,并且此时的外键设 为null,也就是说他会自动帮我们去查看他被谁引用到了。然后把引用全部去掉后,再把自己删掉。而在JPA里面,如果调用 EntityManager.remove方法时,传进去的对象,有被外键引用到,则会失败。因为JPA里面的实现就是直接执行delete语句,也不管 他有没有被外键引用,此时,当然会出错了。
测试 时候使用的两个类分别如下:
举的例子是部门和员工的关系。一个部门可以有多个员工。然后把部门删掉的时候,员工的部门属性就为null了,不过,按照严谨来说,还是JPA的严谨一些。这样可以防止误操作,呵呵。
部门的实体对象
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* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package com.hadeslee.jpaentity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
/**
*
* @author hadeslee
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = " JPADepartment " )
public class Department implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L ;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = " department " )
private Set < Person > persons = new HashSet < Person > ();
private String deptName;
private String description;
public String getDeptName() {
return deptName;
}
public void setDeptName(String deptName) {
this .deptName = deptName;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this .description = description;
}
public Set < Person > getPersons() {
return persons;
}
public void setPersons(Set < Person > persons) {
this .persons = persons;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this .id = id;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 0 ;
hash += (id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0 );
return hash;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
// TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if ( ! (object instanceof Department)) {
return false ;
}
Department other = (Department) object;
if (( this .id == null && other.id != null ) || ( this .id != null && ! this .id.equals(other.id))) {
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return " com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Department[id= " + id + " ] " ;
}
}
人员的实体对象
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* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package com.hadeslee.jpaentity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
/**
*
* @author hadeslee
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = " JPAPerson " )
public class Person implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L ;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id;
private String name;
private int age;
@ManyToOne
private Department department;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge( int age) {
this .age = age;
}
public Department getDepartment() {
return department;
}
public void setDepartment(Department department) {
this .department = department;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this .id = id;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 0 ;
hash += (id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0 );
return hash;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
// TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if ( ! (object instanceof Person)) {
return false ;
}
Person other = (Person) object;
if (( this .id == null && other.id != null ) || ( this .id != null && ! this .id.equals(other.id))) {
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return " com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Person[id= " + id + " ] " ;
}
}
由于JPA是不需要配置的,代码里面已经包括了注释,所以下面附上Hibernate的映射文件,为了使数据库里面更清楚一些,所以两者使用的表不是同一张表,JPA的表是带JPA前缀的,用@Table这个注释声明了这一点。
<! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
< hibernate-mapping package ="com.hadeslee.jpaentity" >
< class name ="Department" table ="Department" >
< id name ="id" column ="departId" type ="long" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property name ="deptName" />
< property name ="description" />
< set name ="persons" >
< key column ="deptId" />
< one-to-many class ="Person" />
</ set >
</ class >
< class name ="Person" table ="Person" >
< id name ="id" column ="personId" type ="long" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property name ="name" />
< property name ="age" />
< many-to-one name ="department" column ="deptId" class ="Department" />
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
调用JPA的代码如下:
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Person p = new com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Person();
p.setAge( 26 );
p.setName( " 千里冰封 " );
com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Department dept = em.find(com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Department. class , Long.valueOf( " 3 " ));
System.out.println( " 找到的dept= " + dept);
em.remove(dept);
em.getTransaction().commit();
调用hibernate的代码如下:
session.getTransaction().begin();
Department dept = (Department) session.load(Department. class , 2 );
session.delete(dept);
session.getTransaction().commit();
最后发现是JPA是不能删除的,而hibernate这边的调用可以删除,一开始我还以为是toplink的实现问题,后来特意把实现改成hibernate的实现,也同样。所以有可能是JPA的要求必须得这样做,不能替我们自动完成一些东西,是利于安全 。