获得一个类实例的Class对象的三种方法，与Class对象的相互比较

/*
*获得一个类实例的Class对象有三种常用方法
*1、调用从Object类中继承来的方法public Class getClass()
*以下两种方法是获得某个指定类的Class对象（如果知道类实例的确切类型）
*2、利用Class类的static方法forName(String className(需要带包名))，注意这个方法throws ClassNotFoundException
*3、利用类字面常量，类名.class，也会返回一个指定类的Class对象，它在编译时进行检查，不抛出任何异常

*进行类型比较的两类方法
*（一）比较某对象是否为指定类或其子类的对象
*假设对象x为class X的一个实例（X extends SuperX）
*1、利用instanceof关键字：x instanceof X == true  x instanceof SuperX == true
*2、先利用上述三种方法之一获得Class对象的引用，再调用Class类的方法public boolean isInstance(Object o)：
*   x.getClass().isInstance(x)这是一句废话，呵呵。  X/SuperX.class.isInstance(x) == true  Class.forName("X/SuperX").isInstance(x) == true
*（二）比较某对象是否为指定类的对象（不包括其基类）
*先利用上述三种方法之一获得Class对象的引用，再调用Class类的equals()方法（重写了Object类的equals()方法）或利用==比较符
*/

//GetAndCompareClass.java
//Show three menthod to get a Class object and whether an object is a object of the specific class

package com.msn.spaces.bryantd001;

class SuperX{}

class X extends SuperX{}

public class GetAndCompareClass{
      public static Class getForName(String className){
            try{
                  return Class.forName(className);
            }catch(ClassNotFoundException e){
                  System.out.println("The class "+className +" cannot be found!!");
                  return null;
            }
      }

      public static void main(String[] args){
            SuperX x = new X();
            System.out.println("Three method to get the x'Class object:");
            System.out.println("The x is a object of "+x.getClass()+" class.");
            System.out.println("The x is a object of "+X.class+" class.");
            System.out.println("The x is also a object of "+getForName("com.msn.spaces.bryantd001.SuperX")+" class.");

            System.out.println("Compare by the first way.");
            System.out.println("The x is a object of X: "+(x instanceof X));
            System.out.println("The x is a object of SuperX: "+(SuperX.class.isInstance(x)));
            System.out.println("Compare by the second way.");
            System.out.println("The x is a object of X: "+(x.getClass() == X.class));
            System.out.println("The x is a object of SuperX: "+(x.getClass().equals(SuperX.class)));
      }

}