最简洁的Java基础概述，常用API（String、ArrayList）

一、API

API（Application Programming Interface，应用程序编程接口）

• java写好的技术（功能代码），咱们可以直接调用。
• Oracle也为Java提供的这些功能代码提供了相应的API文档（技术使用说明书）。

二、String

        1、String类的简单介绍

                String类定义的变量可用于存储字符串，同时String类提供了很多操作字符串的功能，我们可以直接使用。

        2、String类概述

                1）概述

•         java.lang.String类代表字符串，String类定义的变量可以用于指向字符串对象，然后操作该字符串。
•         java程序中的所有字符串文字（例如“abc”）都为此类的对象。

                2）特点

•         String其实常被称为不可变字符串类型，它的对象在创建后不能被更改。    
•        

        3、String类创建对象的2种方式

              

                

               

        4、String类常见面试题

                

                

        5、字符串内容比较

                

        6、遍历、替换、截取、分割操作

        7、String类案例实战

        

public class ProgramDemo03_1 {
    final static String keyWord = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" +
            "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要产生的验证码个数：");
        int n = scanner.nextInt();
        getCode(n);
    }

    public static void getCode(int n) {
        Random random = new Random();
        String code = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int index = random.nextInt(62);
            code += keyWord.charAt(index);
        }
        System.out.println(code);
    }
}

  

public class ProgramDemo13 {
    private final static String Name = "admin";
    private final static String Password = "kb0824";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Login...");
        int i = 0;
        do {
            System.out.println("please input the name:");
            String checkName = scanner.next();
            if (checkName.equals(Name)) {
                System.out.println("please input the Password:");
                String checkPassword = scanner.next();
                if (checkPassword.equals(Password)){
                    System.out.println("Login successful!");
                    break;
                }else {
                    System.out.println("password error!");
                    i++;
                }
            }else {
                System.out.println("userName error!");
                i++;
            }
        } while (i < 3);
    }
}

  

public class ProgramDemo14 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("please input the phone number:");
            String phoneNum = scanner.next();
            if (phoneNum.length() == 11){
                String beginPNum = phoneNum.substring(0,3);
                String endPNum = phoneNum.substring(7);
                String newPNum = beginPNum + "****" + endPNum;
                System.out.println(newPNum);
                break;
            }else {
                System.out.println("error phone number!please input again:");
            }
        }
    }
}

三、ArrayList

1、ArrayList简介

2、集合的概述

                         

                ​​​​​​​        

        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        

3、ArrayList的快速入门

        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​              ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​  

4、ArrayList对泛型的支持

        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        

5、ArrayList常用API和遍历

        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​      

6、ArrayList案例：遍历并删除对象

        ​​​​​​​        

public class ProgramDemo15 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Integer> studentScore = new ArrayList<>();
        Collections.addAll(studentScore,98,77,66,89,79,50,100);
        for (int i = 0; i < studentScore.size(); i++) {
            if (studentScore.get(i) < 80){
                studentScore.remove(studentScore.get(i));
                i--;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(studentScore);
    }
}

7、ArrayList案例：存储自定义类型对象

        ​​​​​​​        

public class Movie {
    private String name;
    private String director;
    private String[] actors;

    public Movie() {
    }

    public Movie(String name, String director, String[] actors) {
        this.name = name;
        this.director = director;
        this.actors = actors;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Movie{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", director='" + director + '\'' +
                ", actors=" + Arrays.toString(actors) +
                '}' + "\n";
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Movie> movies = new ArrayList<>();
        Movie movie1 = new Movie("《飞驰人生2》", "韩寒"
                , new String[]{"范丞丞", "沈腾"});
        Movie movie2 = new Movie("《周处除三害》", "黄精甫"
                , new String[]{"阮经天", "王净"});
        Movie movie3 = new Movie("《你想过怎样的人生》"
                , "宫崎骏", new String[]{"刘昊然"});
        Movie movie4 = new Movie("《彷徨之刃》", "陈卓"
                , new String[]{"王千源", "黄景春"});
        Collections.addAll(movies, movie1, movie2, movie3, movie4);
        System.out.println(movies);
    }
}

8、ArrayList案例：元素搜索

        ​​​​​​​        

public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private double height;
    private double weight;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int id, String name, String sex, double height, double weight) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.height = height;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", height=" + height +
                ", weight=" + weight +
                '}' + "\n";
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        Student s1 = new Student(20240808,"刘亦菲","女",176.6,49);
        Student s2 = new Student(20240701,"张雪迎","女",174.3,43);
        Student s3 = new Student(20240908,"陈钰琪","女",172.8,47);
        Student s4 = new Student(20240806,"胡歌","男",181.3,78);
        Student s5 = new Student(20241004,"李现","男",183.7,82);
        Collections.addAll(students,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5);
        System.out.println(students);

        while (true) {
            System.out.println("查找功能--->");
            System.out.print("请输入您要查找的id：");
            int id = scanner.nextInt();
            Student rs = searchById(students,id);
            if (rs != null){
                System.out.println(rs);
                break;
            }else {
                System.out.println("未找到！");
            }
        }
    }

    public static Student searchById(ArrayList<Student> students,int id){
        for (Student student : students) {
            if (student.getId() == id){
                return student;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}