我与c++的爱恋：AVL树-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/bskmns/article/details/141210717

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

🔥个人主页：guoguoqiang. 🔥专栏：我与C++的爱恋

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文章目录

1.AVL树
2.构建AVL树
- 插入
3.AVL的旋转
- 左左：右单旋

1.AVL树

二叉搜索树虽可以缩短查找的效率，但如果数据有序或接近有序二叉搜索树将退化为单支树，查
找元素相当于在顺序表中搜索元素，效率低下
当向二叉搜索树中插入新结点后，如果能保证每个结点的左右子树高度之差的绝对值不超过1(需要对树中的结点进行调整)，即可降低树的高度，从而减少平均搜索长度。
一棵AVL树或者是空树，或者是具有以下性质的二叉搜索树：

它的左右子树都是AVL树
左右子树高度之差(简称平衡因子)的绝对值不超过1(-1/0/1)

在叶子节点插入一个元素必然会影响当前父节点的平衡因子
平衡因子=右树高度-左数高度，插到右边，当前父节点平衡因子++，反之–，插入当前节点，是否影响祖辈的平衡因子，需要加以判断

如果插入后父节点的平衡因子等于零了。意味着插入不改变高度，就不改变祖辈的平衡因子。
如果平衡因子等于2或者-2则需要旋转。

2.构建AVL树

节点

template<class K,class V>
struct  AVLTreeNode
{
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _left;
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _right;
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _parent;

	pair<K, V> _kv;

	int _bf;

	AVLTreeNode(const pair<K, V>& kv)
		:_left(nullptr)
		, _right(nullptr)
		, _parent(nullptr)
		,_kv(kv)
		,_bf(0)
	{}
};

插入

template<class K, class V>
class AVLTree
{
	typedef AVLTreeNode<K, V> Node;
public:

private:
	Node* _root = nullptr;
};

while (parent)
{
	if (cur == parent->_left)
	{
		parent->_bf--;
	}
	else
	{
		parent->_bf++;
	}
}

if (parent->_bf == 0)
{
	break;
}
else if (parent->_bf == 1 || parent->_bf == -1)
{
	cur = parent;
	parent = parent->_parent;
}

如果等于0就结束，如果等于1或者-1，就继续向上更新。

else if (parent->_bf == 2 || parent->_bf == -2)
{
	----------------------
	break;
}
else
{
	assert(false);
}

如果等于2或者-2就需要旋转，其他情况就断言错误。

3.AVL的旋转

左左：右单旋

新节点插入较高左子树的左侧，我们进行右单旋
在这里插入图片描述
30<b<60<c，我们在这里调节位置关系，调节后平衡因子均为0

void RotateR(Node*parent)
{
	Node* subL = parent->_left;
	Node* subLR = subL->_right;
	parent->_left = subLR;
	if (subLR != nullptr) subLR->_parent = parent;
	subL->_right = parent;
	Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;
	parent->_parent = subL;
	if (parent == _root)
	{
		_root = subL;
		_root->_parent = nullptr;
	}
	else
	{
		if (ppNode->_left == parent)
		{
			ppNode->_left = subL;
		}
		else
		{
			ppNode->_right = subL;
		}

		subL->_parent = ppNode;
	}
	parent->_bf = subL->_bf = 0;
}

右右：左单旋
在这里插入图片描述

30<b<60<c

void RotateL(Node* parent)
{
	Node* subR = parent->_right;
	Node* subRL = subR->_left;

	parent->_right = subRL;
	if (subRL)
		subRL->_parent = parent;

	subR->_left = parent;
	Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;

	parent->_parent = subR;

	if (parent == _root)
	{
		_root = subR;
		_root->_parent = nullptr;
	}
	else
	{
		if (ppNode->_right == parent)
		{
			ppNode->_right = subR;
		}
		else
		{
			ppNode->_left = subR;
		}
		subR->_parent = ppNode;
	}

	parent->_bf = subR->_bf = 0;
}

左右：先左单旋再右单旋
在这里插入图片描述

void RotateLR(Node* parent)
{
	Node* subL = parent->_left;
	Node* subLR = subL->_right;
	int bf = subLR->_bf;
	RotateL(parent->_left);
	RotateR(parent);
	if (bf == -1)
	{
		subLR->_bf = 0;
		subL->_bf = 0;
		parent->_bf = -1;
	}
	else if (bf == 1)
	{
		subLR->_bf = 0;
		subL->_bf = -1;
		parent->_bf = 0;
	}
	else if(bf==0)
	{
		subLR->_bf = 0;
		subL->_bf = 0;
		parent->_bf = 0;
	}
	else
	{
		assert(false);
	}
}

右左：先右单旋再左单旋
在这里插入图片描述

void RotateRL(Node* parent)
{
	Node* subR = parent->_right;
	Node* subRL = subR->_left;
	int bf = subRL->_bf;

	RotateR(parent->_right);
	RotateL(parent);
	if (bf == 1)
	{
		subR->_bf = 0;
		subRL->_bf = 0;
		parent->_bf = -1;
	}
	else if (bf == -1)
	{
		subR->_bf = 1;
		subRL->_bf = 0;
		parent->_bf = 0;
	}
	else if (bf == 0)
	{
		subR->_bf = 0;
		subRL->_bf = 0;
		parent->_bf = 0;
	}
	else
	{
		assert(false);
	}
}

insert

bool Insert(const pair<K,V>& kv)
{
	if (_root == nullptr)
	{
		_root = new Node(kv);
		return true;
	}

	Node* parent = nullptr;
	Node* cur = _root;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (kv.first > cur->_kv.first)
		{
			parent = cur;
			cur = cur->_right;
		}
		else if (kv.first < cur->_kv.first)
		{
			parent = cur;
			cur = cur->_left;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
	cur = new Node(kv);
	if (parent->_kv.first < kv.first)
	{
		parent->_right = cur;
	}
	else
	{
		parent->_left = cur;
	}
	cur->_parent = parent;

	while (parent)
	{
		if (cur == parent->_left)
		{
			parent->_bf--;
		}
		else
		{
			parent->_bf++;
		}
		if (parent->_bf == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		else if (parent->_bf == 1 || parent->_bf == -1)
		{
			cur = parent;
			parent = parent->_parent;
		}
		else if (parent->_bf == 2 || parent->_bf == -2)
		{
			if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == -1)
			{
				RotateR(parent);
			}
			else if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == 1)
			{
				RotateL(parent);
			}
			else if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == -1)
			{
				RotateRL(parent);
			}
			else if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == 1)
			{
				RotateLR(parent);
			}
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}
	return true;
}

如果父节点平衡因子为-2，子为-1，左左情况，进行右单旋；
父节点平衡因子为2，子为1，右右情况，左单旋；
父节点平衡因子为2，子为-1，右左情况，进行右左旋；
父节点平衡因子为-2，子为1，左右情况，进行左右旋；

find函数

Node* Find(const K& key)
{
	Node* cur = _root;
	
	while (cur)
	{
		if (key > cur->_kv.first)
		{
			cur = cur->_right;
		}
		else if (key < cur->_kv.left)
		{
			cur = cur->_left;
		}
		else
		{
			return cur;
		}
	}
	return nullptr;
}

检验是否是平衡二叉树

bool _IsBalance(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return true;

		int leftHeight = _Height(root->_left);
		int rightHeight = _Height(root->_right);
		// 不平衡
		if (abs(leftHeight - rightHeight) >= 2)
		{
			cout << root->_kv.first << endl;
			return false;
		}		
	    if (rightHeight - leftHeight != root->_bf)
		{
			cout << root->_kv.first << endl;
			return false;
		}

		return _IsBalance(root->_left)
			&& _IsBalance(root->_right);
	}

如果高度差大于等于二或者高度差不等于平衡因子，说明树有问题返回false

再进行对左子树和右子树的判断

bool IsBalance()
{
	return _IsBalance(_root);
}

获取树的高度

int _Height(Node* root)
{
	if (root == nullptr)
		return 0;

	return max(_Height(root->_left), _Height(root->_right)) + 1;
}

int Height()
{
	return _Height(_root);
}

获取节点个数

int _Size(Node* root)
{
	return root == nullptr ? 0 : _Size(root->_left) + _Size(root->_right) + 1;
}

int Size()
{
	return _Size(_root);
}

template<class K,class V>
struct  AVLTreeNode
{
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _left;
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _right;
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _parent;

	pair<K, V> _kv;

	int _bf;

	AVLTreeNode(const pair<K, V>& kv)
		:_left(nullptr)
		, _right(nullptr)
		, _parent(nullptr)
		,_kv(kv)
		,_bf(0)
	{}
};
template<class K, class V>
class AVLTree
{
	typedef AVLTreeNode<K, V> Node;
public:
	Node* Find(const K& key)
	{
		Node* cur = _root;
		
		while (cur)
		{
			if (key > cur->_kv.first)
			{
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (key < cur->_kv.left)
			{
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return cur;
			}
		}
		return nullptr;
	}
	bool Insert(const pair<K,V>& kv)
	{
		if (_root == nullptr)
		{
			_root = new Node(kv);
			return true;
		}

		Node* parent = nullptr;
		Node* cur = _root;
		while (cur)
		{
			if (kv.first > cur->_kv.first)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (kv.first < cur->_kv.first)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return false;
			}
		}
		cur = new Node(kv);
		if (parent->_kv.first < kv.first)
		{
			parent->_right = cur;
		}
		else
		{
			parent->_left = cur;
		}
		cur->_parent = parent;

		while (parent)
		{
			if (cur == parent->_left)
			{
				parent->_bf--;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_bf++;
			}
			if (parent->_bf == 0)
			{
				break;
			}
			else if (parent->_bf == 1 || parent->_bf == -1)
			{
				cur = parent;
				parent = parent->_parent;
			}
			else if (parent->_bf == 2 || parent->_bf == -2)
			{
				if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == -1)
				{
					RotateR(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == 1)
				{
					RotateL(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == -1)
				{
					RotateRL(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == 1)
				{
					RotateLR(parent);
				}
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				assert(false);
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
	void InOrder()
	{
		_InOrder(_root);
		cout << endl;
	}
	void RotateR(Node*parent)
	{
		Node* subL = parent->_left;
		Node* subLR = subL->_right;
		parent->_left = subLR;
		if (subLR != nullptr) subLR->_parent = parent;
		subL->_right = parent;
		Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;
		parent->_parent = subL;
		if (parent == _root)
		{
			_root = subL;
			_root->_parent = nullptr;
		}
		else
		{
			if (ppNode->_left == parent)
			{
				ppNode->_left = subL;
			}
			else
			{
				ppNode->_right = subL;
			}

			subL->_parent = ppNode;
		}
		parent->_bf = subL->_bf = 0;
	}
	void RotateL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subR = parent->_right;
		Node* subRL = subR->_left;

		parent->_right = subRL;
		if (subRL)
			subRL->_parent = parent;

		subR->_left = parent;
		Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;

		parent->_parent = subR;

		if (parent == _root)
		{
			_root = subR;
			_root->_parent = nullptr;
		}
		else
		{
			if (ppNode->_right == parent)
			{
				ppNode->_right = subR;
			}
			else
			{
				ppNode->_left = subR;
			}
			subR->_parent = ppNode;
		}

		parent->_bf = subR->_bf = 0;
	}
	void RotateRL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subR = parent->_right;
		Node* subRL = subR->_left;
		int bf = subRL->_bf;

		RotateR(parent->_right);
		RotateL(parent);
		if (bf == 1)
		{
			subR->_bf = 0;
			subRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = -1;
		}
		else if (bf == -1)
		{
			subR->_bf = 1;
			subRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == 0)
		{
			subR->_bf = 0;
			subRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}
	void RotateLR(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subL = parent->_left;
		Node* subLR = subL->_right;
		int bf = subLR->_bf;
		RotateL(parent->_left);
		RotateR(parent);
		if (bf == -1)
		{
			subLR->_bf = 0;
			subL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = -1;
		}
		else if (bf == 1)
		{
			subLR->_bf = 0;
			subL->_bf = -1;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else if(bf==0)
		{
			subLR->_bf = 0;
			subL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}
	bool IsBalance()
	{
		return _IsBalance(_root);
	}
	int Height()
	{
		return _Height(_root);
	}
	int Size()
	{
		return _Size(_root);
	}
private:
	int _Height(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return 0;

		return max(_Height(root->_left), _Height(root->_right)) + 1;
	}
	int _Size(Node* root)
	{
		return root == nullptr ? 0 : _Size(root->_left) + _Size(root->_right) + 1;
	}
	bool _IsBalance(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return true;

		int leftHeight = _Height(root->_left);
		int rightHeight = _Height(root->_right);
		// 不平衡
		if (abs(leftHeight - rightHeight) >= 2)
		{
			cout << root->_kv.first << endl;
			return false;
		}

		// 顺便检查一下平衡因子是否正确
		if (rightHeight - leftHeight != root->_bf)
		{
			cout << root->_kv.first << endl;
			return false;
		}

		return _IsBalance(root->_left)
			&& _IsBalance(root->_right);
	}
	void _InOrder(Node*root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
		{
			return;
		}
			
		_InOrder(root->_left);
		cout << root->_kv.first << " " << root->_kv.second<<endl;
		_InOrder(root->_right);
	}
	Node* _root = nullptr;
};