二、SpringCloud实用篇_服务拆分与远程调用

一、服务拆分与远程调用

1.1、创建父工程：cloud-demo

…\cloud-demo\pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.xbmu</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <modules>
        <module>user-service</module>
        <module>order-service</module>
    </modules>

    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR10</spring-cloud.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
        <mybatis.version>2.1.1</mybatis.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- springCloud -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- mysql驱动 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--mybatis-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

1.2、module工程：user-service

…\cloud-demo\user-service\pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xbmu</groupId>
        <version>1.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>user-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>app</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

…\cloud-demo\user-service\src\main\resources\application.yml

server:
  port: 8981
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloud_user?useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: root
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.xbmu.user.pojo
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:
  level:
    com.xbmu: debug
  pattern:
    dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS

com.xbmu.user.UserApplication

package com.xbmu.user;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;

@MapperScan("com.xbmu.user.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);
    }
}

com.xbmu.user.web.UserController

package com.xbmu.user.web;

import com.xbmu.user.pojo.User;
import com.xbmu.user.service.UserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    /**
     * 路径： /user/110
     *
     * @param id 用户id
     * @return 用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return userService.queryById(id);
    }
}

com.xbmu.user.service.UserService

package com.xbmu.user.service;

import com.xbmu.user.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.xbmu.user.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    public User queryById(Long id) {
        return userMapper.findById(id);
    }
}

com.xbmu.user.pojo.User

package com.xbmu.user.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String address;
}

com.xbmu.user.mapper.UserMapper

package com.xbmu.user.mapper;

import com.xbmu.user.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface UserMapper {
    
    @Select("select * from tb_user where id = #{id}")
    User findById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

1.3、module工程：order-service

…\cloud-demo\order-service\pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xbmu</groupId>
        <version>1.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>order-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

…\cloud-demo\order-service\src\main\resources\application.yml

server:
  port: 8982
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloud_order?useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: root
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.xbmu.user.pojo
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:
  level:
    com.xbmu: debug
  pattern:
    dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS

…\cloud-demo\order-service\src\main\java\com\xbmu\order\OrderApplication.java

package com.xbmu.order;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@MapperScan("com.xbmu.order.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
    /**
     * 创建RestTemplate并注入Spring容器
     */
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

com.xbmu.order.web.OrderController

package com.xbmu.order.web;

import com.xbmu.order.pojo.Order;
import com.xbmu.order.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("order")
public class OrderController {

   @Autowired
   private OrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping("{orderId}")
    public Order queryOrderByUserId(@PathVariable("orderId") Long orderId) {
        // 根据id查询订单并返回
        return orderService.queryOrderById(orderId);
    }
}

com.xbmu.order.service.OrderService

package com.xbmu.order.service;

import com.xbmu.order.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.xbmu.order.pojo.Order;
import com.xbmu.order.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
public class OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    public Order queryOrderById(Long orderId) {
        // 1.查询订单
        Order order = orderMapper.findById(orderId);
        // 2.利用RestTemplate发起http请求，查询用户
        // 2.1.url路径
        String url = "http://localhost:8981/user/" + order.getUserId();
        // 2.2.发送http请求，实现远程调用
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
        // 3.封装user到Order
        order.setUser(user);
        // 4.返回
        return order;
    }
}

com.xbmu.order.pojo.User

package com.xbmu.order.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String address;
}

com.xbmu.order.pojo.Order

package com.xbmu.order.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Order {
    private Long id;
    private Long price;
    private String name;
    private Integer num;
    private Long userId;
    private User user;
}

com.xbmu.order.mapper.OrderMapper

package com.xbmu.order.mapper;

import com.xbmu.order.pojo.Order;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface OrderMapper {

    @Select("select * from tb_order where id = #{id}")
    Order findById(Long id);
}

1.4、结果演示：

1.5、查询逻辑：

需求：在order-service中根据id查询订单业务，要求在查询订单的同时，根据订单中包含的userId查询出用户信息，一起返回。

因此，我们在order-service中向user-service发起一个http的请求，调用 http://localhost:8981/user/{userId}这个接口。

大概的步骤是这样的：

• 注册一个RestTemplate的实例到spring容器
• 修改order-service服务中的OrderService类中的queryOrderById方法，根据Order对象中的userId查询User
• 将查询的User填充到Order对象，一起返回

1.5.1、注册RestTemplate

首先，在order-service服务中的OrderApplication启动类中，注册了RestTemplate实例：

1.5.2、实现远程调用

修改order-service服务中的com.xbmu.order.service包下的OrderService类中的queryOrderById方法：