本文内容来自学习麻省理工学院公开课:单变量微积分-求导四则运算及三角函数导数-网易公开课
开发环境准备:CSDN
目录
一、需要用到的公式:
,
(u+v)' = u' + v'
(cu)' = c(u)' c是常数
sin(a+b) = sina * cosb + cosa * sinb
cos(a+b) = cosa * cosb - sina * sinb
二、求导特殊三角函数
1、![\frac{d}{dx}sinx = \frac {sin(x+\Delta x)-sinx}{\Delta x} = \frac{sinx\times cos\Delta x +cosx\times sin\Delta x - sinx}{\Delta x}](https://latex.csdn.net/eq?%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7Dsinx%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%20%7Bsin%28x+%5CDelta%20x%29-sinx%7D%7B%5CDelta%20x%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bsinx%5Ctimes%20cos%5CDelta%20x%20+cosx%5Ctimes%20sin%5CDelta%20x%20-%20sinx%7D%7B%5CDelta%20x%7D)
这时回顾一下上节课关于三角函数的内容
当x趋近于0时(考虑1-cos(x)/x 在x趋近0时的极限值, 不正是
的变形,上图红线在x趋近0时函数的值趋近0)
(考虑x/sin(x) 在x趋近0时的极限值, 不正是
的变形,上图l蓝线在x趋近0时函数的值趋近1)
所以
当然用工具的话:
from sympy import *
x = Symbol('x')
f = sin(x)
derivative_f = f.diff(x)
derivative_f
2、 ![\frac{d}{dx}cosx =\frac{cos(x+\Delta x) - cosx}{\Delta x} = \frac{(cosx\times cos\Delta x - sinx\times sin\Delta x) - cosx}{\Delta x}](https://latex.csdn.net/eq?%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7Dcosx%20%3D%5Cfrac%7Bcos%28x+%5CDelta%20x%29%20-%20cosx%7D%7B%5CDelta%20x%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%28cosx%5Ctimes%20cos%5CDelta%20x%20-%20sinx%5Ctimes%20sin%5CDelta%20x%29%20-%20cosx%7D%7B%5CDelta%20x%7D)
= -sinx
from sympy import *
x = Symbol('x')
f = cos(x)
derivative_f = f.diff(x)
derivative_f
得到2公式 (sinx)' = cosx & (cosx)' = -sinx
三、三角函数基础公式的几何意义
公式B、 = 1
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
angle = np.linspace( 0 , 2 * np.pi , 150 )
radius = 1
x = radius * np.cos( angle )
y = radius * np.sin( angle )
figure, axes = plt.subplots( 1 )
axes.plot( x, y, label='circle radius:'+format(radius) )
angleArc = np.linspace( -30/180*np.pi , 30/180*np.pi , 150 )
xArc = radius * np.cos( angleArc )
yArc = radius * np.sin( angleArc )
axes.plot( xArc, yArc,color='r', label='length:(2*30*180/pi)' + format(60/180*np.pi) )
angleInner = np.linspace( 30/180*np.pi , 0 , 150 )
xArcInner = radius /10 * np.cos( angleInner )
yArcInner = radius /10 * np.sin( angleInner )
angleInner1 = np.linspace( -30/180*np.pi , 0 , 150 )
xArcInner1 = radius /10 * np.cos( angleInner1 )
yArcInner1 = radius /10 * np.sin( angleInner1 )
axes.plot( xArcInner, yArcInner,color='b' ,label='θ=30*180/pi')
axes.plot( xArcInner1, yArcInner1,color='b' )
plt.text(0.18, 0.03, 'θ', fontsize=9)
plt.text(0.18, -0.08, 'θ', fontsize=9)
#ax = plt.gca()
#axes.annotate('your_lable', (xArcθ,yArcθ))
#axes.scatter(xArcθ+0.1*radius,yArcθ+0.1*radius )
#axes.annotate('a', (xArcθ+0.1*radius,yArcθ+0.1*radius ))
axes.set_aspect( 1 )
x1 = np.cos( 30/180*np.pi )
y1 = np.sin( 30/180*np.pi )
plt.plot(x1,y1,lw=0, marker='o', fillstyle='none', color='b')
x2 = np.cos( -30/180*np.pi )
y2 = np.sin( -30/180*np.pi )
plt.plot(x2,y2,lw=0, marker='o', fillstyle='none', color='b')
xarr = [x1,x2]
yarr = [y1,y2]
plt.plot(xarr, yarr,'gray',linestyle='-',marker='',label='length:(2*sin(30*180/pi))' + format(2*np.sin( 30/180*np.pi )))
xarr1 = [0,x1]
yarr1 = [0,0]
plt.plot(xarr1, yarr1,'orange',linestyle='-',marker='', label='length:cos(30*180/pi)')
xarr1 = [x1,1]
yarr1 = [0,0]
plt.plot(xarr1, yarr1,'yellow',linestyle='-',marker='', label='gap length:1-cos(30*180/pi)')
xarr2 = [0,x1]
yarr2 = [0,y1]
plt.plot(xarr2, yarr2,'black',linestyle='-',marker='')
xarr3 = [0,x2]
yarr3 = [0,y2]
plt.plot(xarr3, yarr3,'black',linestyle='-',marker='')
plt.title( 'Parametric Equation Circle' )
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()
可以观察到,当θ值越小时,灰线和红线(sinθ和θ)的长度相差越来越小。而当deltaX趋近于0时,这两条线的长度的比值趋近于1。(曲线中长度很小的一段趋近于直线)
公式A、
可以观察到,上图中当θ值越小时,灰色线会越发靠近圆弧,黄色的gap( )的比例会越来越小,同时桔黄色的线(
)会越来越接近半径 1, 所以公式A的分母趋近于0, 同时由于角度θ和红色弧长相等,可以看出虽然θ趋近于0,但远远大于黄色gap的长度,所以公式A等于0。