本文内容来自学习麻省理工学院公开课:单变量微积分-求导四则运算及三角函数导数-网易公开课
开发环境准备:CSDN
目录
2、除法法则: (u/v)' = u'v-uv')/v**2 当v<>0
三、三角函数基础公式的几何意义
1、(sinx)' = cosx
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
theta = 45
delta = 15
angle = np.linspace( 0 , 2 * np.pi , 150 )
radius = 1
x = radius * np.cos( angle )
y = radius * np.sin( angle )
figure, axes = plt.subplots( 1 )
axes.plot( x, y, label='radius:'+format(radius) )
angleInner = np.linspace( theta/180*np.pi , 0 , 150 )
xArcInner = radius /10 * np.cos( angleInner )
yArcInner = radius /10 * np.sin( angleInner )
axes.plot( xArcInner, yArcInner,color='b')
plt.text(0.18, 0.03, 'θ', fontsize=9)
axes.set_aspect( 1 )
x1 = np.cos( theta/180*np.pi )
y1 = np.sin( theta/180*np.pi )
xarr1 = [0,1]
yarr1 = [0,0]
plt.plot(xarr1, yarr1,'r',linestyle='-',marker='')
xarr2 = [0,x1]
yarr2 = [0,y1]
plt.plot(xarr2, yarr2,'orange',linestyle='-',marker='')
plt.scatter(x1,y1, c='c')
plt.text(x1+0.05, y1, 'P', fontsize=9)
angleInner1 = np.linspace( (theta+delta)/180*np.pi, theta/180*np.pi , 150 )
xArcInner1 = radius /8 * np.cos( angleInner1 )
yArcInner1 = radius /8 * np.sin( angleInner1 )
axes.plot( xArcInner1, yArcInner1,color='b')
plt.text(0.22, 0.29, 'Δθ', fontsize=9)
x2 = np.cos( (theta+delta)/180*np.pi )
y2 = np.sin( (theta+delta)/180*np.pi )
xarr3 = [0,x2]
yarr3 = [0,y2]
plt.plot(xarr3, yarr3,'black',linestyle='-',marker='')
plt.scatter(x2,y2, c='c')
plt.text(x2+0.05, y2+0.04, 'Q', fontsize=9)
xarr4 = [x1,x1]
yarr4 = [y1,y2]
plt.plot(xarr4, yarr4,'red',linestyle='-',marker='', label = 'dy = PR')
xarr5 = [x2,x1]
yarr5 = [y2,y2]
plt.plot(xarr5, yarr5,'gray',linestyle='--',marker='')
plt.text(x1+0.05, y2+0.02, 'R', fontsize=9)
xarr6 = [x1,x2]
yarr6 = [y1,y2]
plt.plot(xarr6, yarr6,'orange',linestyle='-',marker='', label='PQ ≈Δθ')
plt.text(-0.1, -0.1, '0', fontsize=9)
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()
使用半径为1的圆模拟y=sinx,y是对应x角度的圆上点的y坐标
当OP向逆时针方向旋转Δθ,Δy = sin(θ+Δθ) - sinθ = PR长度
由于周长公式,PQ弧长=Δθ ,而由于当弧长很短时,弧接近于直线,所以PQ ≈Δθ
由于这个是求导,所以Δθ很小,于是PQ就是P点的切线,于是OP⊥PQ(两条橘黄色的线⊥),同时两条红色的线⊥),由此可以得出θ = ∠QPR
由以上:PR = QP*cosθ = Δy
当Δθ趋近0,(sinθ)' = Δy/Δθ = QP*cosθ / Δθ = cosθ