Python第八次作业
参考书目:《Python编程从入门到实践》
2018/04/03
9-1. 餐馆:创建一个名为Restaurant的类,其方法__init__() 设置两个属性:restaurant_name 和cuisine_type 。创建一个名为describe_restaurant() 的方法和一个名为open_restaurant()的方法,其中前者打印前述两项信息,而后者打印一条消息,指出餐馆正在营业。根据这个类创建一个名为restaurant的实例,分别打印其两个属性,再调用前述两个方法。
class Restaurant():
def__init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
self.name= restaurant_name
self.type= cuisine_type
defdescribe_restaurant(self):
print(self.name)
print(self.type)
defopen_restaurant(self):
print("Therestaurant is opening")
res1 = Restaurant("KFC","Quick Food")
res1.describe_restaurant()
res1.open_restaurant()
9-2. 三家餐馆:根据你为完成练习9-1而编写的类创建三个实例,并对每个实例调用方法describe_restaurant() 。
class Restaurant():
def__init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
self.name= restaurant_name
self.type= cuisine_type
defdescribe_restaurant(self):
print(self.name)
print(self.type)
defopen_restaurant(self):
print("Therestaurant is opening")
res1 = Restaurant("KFC","Quick Food")
res2 = Restaurant("MC","Quick Food")
res3 =Restaurant("CH","Chinese Food")
res1.describe_restaurant()
res2.describe_restaurant()
res3.describe_restaurant()
9-3.用户:创建一个名为User 的类,其中包含属性first_name 和last_name ,还有用户简介通常会存储的其他几个属性。在类User 中定义一个名为describe_user() 的方法,它打印用户信息摘要;再定义一个名为greet_user() 的方法,它向用户发出个性化的问候。创建多个表示不同用户的实例,并对每个实例都调用上述两个方法。
class User():
def__init__(self, first_name, last_name):
self.first_name= first_name
self.last_name= last_name
defdescribe_user(self):
print(self.first_name,self.last_name)
defgreet(self):
print("Hello" + self.first_name + " " + self.last_name)
user1 = User("Bob","John")
user2 = User("Amy","Lucy")
user1.describe_user()
user1.greet()
user2.describe_user()
user2.greet()
9-4.就餐人数:在为完成练习9-1而编写的程序中,添加一个名为number_served 的属性, 并将其默认值设置为0。根据这个类创建一个名为restaurant 的实例;打印有多少人在这家餐馆就餐过,然后修改这个值并再次打印它。
【1】添加一个名为set_number_served()的方法,它让你能够设置就餐人数。调用这个方法并向它传递一个值,然后再次打印这个值。
【2】添加一个名为increment_number_served()的方法,它让你能够将就餐人数递增。调用这个方法并向它传递一个这样的值:你认为这家餐馆每天可能接待的就餐人数。
class Restaurant():
def__init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type, number_served = 0):
self.name= restaurant_name
self.type= cuisine_type
self.number_served= number_served
defdescribe_restaurant(self):
print(self.name)
print(self.type)
print(self.number_served)
defopen_restaurant(self):
print("Therestaurant is opening")
defset_number_served(self, number_served):
self.number_served= number_served
defincrement_number_served(self, addition):
self.number_served= self.number_served + addition
res1 = Restaurant("KFC","Quick Food")
res1.describe_restaurant()
res1.set_number_served(10)
res1.describe_restaurant()
res1.increment_number_served(10)
res1.describe_restaurant()
9-5.尝试登录次数 : 在为完成练习9-3而编写的User 类中,添加一个名为login_attempts 的属性。编写一个名为increment_login_attempts() 的方法,它将属性login_attempts的值加1。再编写一个名为reset_login_attempts()的方法,它将属性login_attempts 的值重置为0。根据User 类创建一个实例,再调用方法increment_login_attempts()多次 打印属性login_attempts 的值,确认它被正确地递增; 然后,调用方法reset_login_attempts() ,并再次打印属性login_attempts的值,确认它被重置为0。
class User():
def__init__(self, first_name, last_name, login_attemps = 0):
self.first_name= first_name
self.last_name= last_name
self.login_attemps= login_attemps
defdescribe_user(self):
print(self.first_name,self.last_name)
print(self.login_attemps)
defgreet(self):
print("Hello" + self.first_name + " " + self.last_name)
defincrement_login_attempts(self):
self.login_attemps+= 1
defreset_login_attemps(self):
self.login_attemps= 0
user1 = User("Bob","John")
user1.describe_user()
for val in range(1,10):
user1.increment_login_attempts()
user1.describe_user()
user1.reset_login_attemps()
user1.describe_user()
9-6.冰淇淋小店 :冰淇淋小店是一种特殊的餐馆。编写一个名为IceCreamStand 的类, 让它继承你为完成练习9-1或练习9-4而编写的Restaurant 类。这两个版本的Restaurant 类都可以,挑选你更喜欢的那个即可。添加一个名为flavors 的属性,用于存储一个由各种口味的冰淇淋组成的列表。编写一个显示这些冰淇淋的方法。创建一个IceCreamStand 实例,并调用这个方法。
class Restaurant():
def__init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
self.name= restaurant_name
self.type= cuisine_type
self.number_served= 0
defdescribe_restaurant(self):
print(self.name)
print(self.type)
print(self.number_served)
defopen_restaurant(self):
print("Therestaurant is opening")
defset_number_served(self, number_served):
self.number_served= number_served
defincrement_number_served(self, addition):
self.number_served= self.number_served + addition
class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
def__init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type,flavours):
super().__init__(restaurant_name,cuisine_type)
self.flavours = flavours
defdescribe_IceCreamStand(self):
super().describe_restaurant()
print(self.flavours)
ice =IceCreamStand("KFC","FastFood",['strawberry','orange','apple'])
ice.describe_IceCreamStand()
9-7.管理员 :管理员是一种特殊的用户。编写一个名为Admin 的类,让它继承你为完成练习9-3或练习9-5而编写的User 类。添加一个名为privileges的属性,用于存储一个由字符串(如"can add post" 、 "can delete post" 、 "can banuser" 等)组成的列表。编写一个名为show_privileges() 的方法,它显示管理员的权限。创建一个Admin 实例,并调用这个方法。
class User():
def__init__(self, first_name, last_name):
self.first_name= first_name
self.last_name= last_name
self.login_attemps= 0
defdescribe_user(self):
print(self.first_name,self.last_name)
print(self.login_attemps)
defgreet(self):
print("Hello" + self.first_name + " " + self.last_name)
defincrement_login_attempts(self):
self.login_attemps+= 1
defreset_login_attemps(self):
self.login_attemps= 0
class Admin(User):
def__init__(self, first_name, last_name, privileges):
super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
self.privileges= privileges
defshow_privileges(self):
print(self.privileges)
admin1 = Admin("John","Bob", ["can add post", "can delete post","can ban user"])
admin1.show_privileges()
9-8.权限 :编写一个名为Privileges的类,它只有一个属性——privileges ,其中存储了练习9-7所说的字符串列表。将方法show_privileges() 移到这个类中。在Admin 类中,将一个Privileges 实例用作其属性。创建一个Admin 实例,并使用方法show_privileges()来显示其权限。
class User():
def__init__(self, first_name, last_name):
self.first_name= first_name
self.last_name= last_name
self.login_attemps= 0
defdescribe_user(self):
print(self.first_name,self.last_name)
print(self.login_attemps)
defgreet(self):
print("Hello" + self.first_name + " " + self.last_name)
defincrement_login_attempts(self):
self.login_attemps+= 1
defreset_login_attemps(self):
self.login_attemps= 0
class Privilege():
def__init__(self, privileges):
self.privileges= privileges
defshow_privileges(self):
print(self.privileges)
class Admin(User):
def__init__(self, first_name, last_name, privileges):
super().__init__(first_name,last_name)
self.privileges= Privilege(privileges)
admin1 = Admin("John","Bob", ["can add post", "can delete post","can ban user"])
admin1.privileges.show_privileges()
9-9.电瓶升级:在本节最后一个electric_car.py版本中,给Battery 类添加一个名为upgrade_battery() 的方法。这个方法检查电瓶容量,如果它不是85,就将它设置为85。创建一辆电瓶容量为默认值的电动汽车,调用方法get_range() ,然后对电瓶进行升级,并再次调用get_range() 。你会看到这辆汽车的续航里程增加了。
class Car():
def__init__(self, make, model, year):
self.make= make
self.model= model
self.year= year
self.odometer_reading= 0
defget_descriptive_name(self):
long_name= str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
returnlong_name.title()
defread_odometer(self):
print("Thiscar has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
defupdate_odometer(self, mileage):
if(mileage> self.odometer_reading):
self.odometer_reading= mileage
else:
print("Youcan't roll back an odometer!")
defincrement_odometer(self ,miles):
self.odometer_reading+= miles
class Battery():
def__init__(self, battery_size = 70):
self.battery_size= battery_size
defdescirbe_battery():
print("Thiscar has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWH battery.")
defget_range(self):
if(self.battery_size== 70):
range= 240
elif(self.battery_size== 85):
range= 270
message= "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
message+= "miles on a full charge."
print(message)
defupgrade_battery(self):
if(self.battery_size!= 85):
self.battery_size= 85
class ElectricCar(Car) :
def__init__(self, make, model, year):
super().__init__(make,model, year)
self.battery_size= Battery()
car = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016)
car.battery_size.get_range()
car.battery_size.upgrade_battery()
car.battery_size.get_range()
9-10. 略
9-11. 略
9-12. 略
9-13. 使用OrderedDict:在练习6-4中,你使用了一个标准字典来表示词汇表。请使用OrderedDict类来重写这个程序,并确认输出的顺序与你在字典中添加键—值对的顺序一致。
from collections import OrderedDict
favorite_languages = OrderedDict()
favorite_languages['jen'] = 'python'
favorite_languages['sarah'] = 'c'
favorite_languages['edward'] = 'ruby'
favorite_languages['phil'] = 'python'
for key, value in favorite_languages.items():
print(key.title()+ "'s favorite language is " + value.title() + ".")
9-14.骰子 : 模块random 包含以各种方式生成随机数的函数,其中的randint() 返回一个位于指定范围内的整数,例如,下面的代码返回一个1~6内的整数:
from random import randint
x = randint(1, 6)
请创建一个Die 类,它包含一个名为sides的属性,该属性的默认值为6。编写一个名为roll_die() 的方法,它打印位于1和骰子面数之间的随机数。创建一个6面的骰子,再掷10次。创建一个10面的骰子和一个20面的骰子,并将它们都掷10次。
from random import randint
class Die():
def__init__(self, sides = 6):
self.sides= sides
defroll_die(self):
print(randint(1,self.sides),end = " ")
die6 = Die()
for i in range(1,11):
die6.roll_die()
print("")
die10 = Die(10)
for i in range(1,11):
die10.roll_die()
print("")
die20 = Die(20)
for i in range(1,11):
die20.roll_die()
print("")