也是很久以前了,有人问我一个问题,说要顺时针或者逆时针,像剥白菜那样打印出一个二维数组或矩阵的值。
今天用 python实现了一遍,记录一下。。
python版本3.6,代码如下:
def initMatrix(dimx, dimy):
matrix = [['0' for y in range(dimy)] for x in range(dimx)]
for x in range(dimx):
for y in range(dimy):
matrix[x][y] = '{}{}'.format(x,y)
return matrix
def printMatrix(ma):
for i in range(len(ma)):
print(ma[i])
def boBaocai(newList, ma, startX, startY, lastX, lastY):
tempList=[]
for i in range(lastY - startY + 1):
tempList.append(ma[startX][startY + i])
startX = startX + 1
for j in range(lastX - startX + 1):
tempList.append(ma[startX + j][lastY])
lastY = lastY - 1
for k in range(lastY - startY + 1):
tempList.append(ma[lastX][lastY - k])
lastX = lastX - 1
for m in range(lastX - startX + 1):
tempList.append(ma[lastX - m][startY])
startY = startY + 1
newList.extend(tempList)
while len(newList) < len(ma) * len(ma[0]):
boBaocai(newList, ma, startX, startY, lastX, lastY)
return newList
mBaocai = initMatrix(5,6)
print("---------print init Matrix-----------")
printMatrix(mBaocai)
kickout = []
boBaocai(kickout, mBaocai, 0, 0, len(mBaocai) - 1, len(mBaocai[0]) - 1)
print("---------after operate----------")
print(kickout)
--------------------------------分割线
运行结果:
---------print init Matrix-----------
['00', '01', '02', '03', '04', '05']
['10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15']
['20', '21', '22', '23', '24', '25']
['30', '31', '32', '33', '34', '35']
['40', '41', '42', '43', '44', '45']
---------after operate----------
['00', '01', '02', '03', '04', '05', '15', '25', '35', '45', '44', '43', '42', '41', '40', '30', '20', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '24', '34', '33', '32', '31', '21', '22', '23', '22']
代码初始化用的该位置的index的字符串作为内容。
关键在于那个循环,以及递归方法调用。
因为不论逆时针还是顺时针,每次“剥离”一层,相当于绕着最外层的行或者列“画”矩形。最原始的二维矩阵或数组,可以看成由一个一个这样的矩形组成。当遍历完所有元素时,结束递归调用。