apache httpclient 客户端HTTP抓取网页内容工具

试了下Apache项目HTTPClient抓取网页内容，抓取到的内容可以提取一些想要的东西。

下载httpcomponents-client-4.0.3-bin.zip，将其解压开，新建立一个普通的javaproject，建立一个UserLibrary,将解压开的文件夹下的lib里的jar包加到新建立的UserLibrary中（当然不使用UserLibrary，直接添加到项目中也是OK的），然后新建立一个测试的类，内容如下：

package httpclient;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClientDemo {
 public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); //实例化一个HttpClient

  HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");

  System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
  // 查看默认request头部信息
  System.out.println("Accept-Charset:" + httpget.getFirstHeader("Accept-Charset"));
  httpget.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.2)");
  // 用逗号分隔显示可以同时接受多种编码
  httpget.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");
  httpget.setHeader("Accept-Charset", "GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7");
  // 验证头部信息设置生效
  System.out.println("Accept-Charset:" + httpget.getFirstHeader("Accept-Charset").getValue());

  HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);//执行
  HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); //返回服务器响应

  System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
  System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); //服务器返回状态
  if (entity != null) {
   Header[] headers = response.getAllHeaders(); //返回的HTTP头信息
   for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
    System.out.println(headers[i]);
   }
   
   System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
   System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
   System.out.println("Response content: ");
   //String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());//返回服务器响应的HTML代码 
   //responseString = new String(responseString.getBytes("gb2312"),"gbk");//转换中文
   //System.out.println(responseString); //打印出服务器响应的HTML代码

   // 将源码流保存在一个byte数组当中，因为可能需要两次用到该流
   // 注，如果上面的EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())执行了后，就不能再用下面的语句拿数据了，直接用上面的数据
   byte[] bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);
   String charSet = "";

   // 如果头部Content-Type中包含了编码信息，那么我们可以直接在此处获取
   charSet = EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity);

   System.out.println("In header: " + charSet);
   // 如果头部中没有，那么我们需要 查看页面源码，这个方法虽然不能说完全正确，因为有些粗糙的网页编码者没有在页面中写头部编码信息
   if (charSet == null || charSet == "") {
    String regEx = "<meta.*charset=['|\"]?([[a-z]|[A-Z]|[0-9]|-]*)['|\"]?";
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regEx, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
    Matcher m = p.matcher(new String(bytes)); // 默认编码转成字符串，因为我们的匹配中无中文，所以串中可能的乱码对我们没有影响
    if (m.find()) {
     charSet = m.group(1);
    } else {
     charSet = "";
    }
   }
   
   if(charSet == null || charSet.equals("")) {
    charSet = "utf-8";
   }
   
   System.out.println("Last get: " + charSet);
   // 至此，我们可以将原byte数组按照正常编码专成字符串输出（如果找到了编码的话）
   System.out.println("Encoding string is: " + new String(bytes, charSet));

  }
  System.out.println("----------------------------------------");

  // Do not feel like reading the response body
  // Call abort on the request object
  httpget.abort();

  // When HttpClient instance is no longer needed, 
  // shut down the connection manager to ensure
  // immediate deallocation of all system resources
  httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
 }
}