这里使用mysql官方示例数据库sakila做测试
cd /
wget downloads.mysql.com/docs/sakila-db.zip
unzip sakila-db.zip
登陆mysql创建数据
mysql> source /sakila-db/sakila-schema.sql;
mysql> source /sakila-db/sakila-data.sql;
Max()优化
-- 查询最后支付时间的记录
mysql> explain select max(payment_date) from payment \G
显示
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: payment
partitions: NULL
type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 16086
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
可以看到扫描了16086行,扫描行数越多,I/O效率越低
优化方案:给payment_date字段加索引,索引是顺序排列的
mysql> create index idx_paydate on payment(payment_date);
再次
mysql> explain select max(payment_date) from payment \G
显示
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: NULL
partitions: NULL
type: NULL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: NULL
filtered: NULL
Extra: Select tables optimized away
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
其中Extra: Select tables optimized away的意思是没有更好的可优化的了,意思就是这是最优查询了
子查询
通常情况需要把子查询优化成join查询
join using简化join on
#查询演员出演的电影数量
mysql> select actor.first_name,actor.last_name,count(*) from sakila.film_actor inner join sakila.actor on film_actor.actor_id = actor.actor_id
group by film_actor.actor_id \G
mysql> select actor.first_name,actor.last_name,count(*) from sakila.film_actor inner join sakila.actor using(actor_id)
group by film_actor.actor_id \G
Limit优化
explain select * from sakila.film limit 50,5 ;
加入order by 索引列进行优化
explain select * from sakila.film order by film_id limit 50,5;