设计模式——桥梁模式（Bridge）

将抽象和行为划分开来,各自独立,但能动态的结合.

例如,一杯咖啡为例,有中杯和大杯之分,同时还有加奶 不加奶之分. 如果用单纯的继承,这四个具体实现(中杯 大杯 加奶 不加奶)之间有概念重叠,因为有中杯加奶,也有中杯不加奶,如果再在中杯这一层再实现两个继承,很显然混乱,扩展性极差.那我们使用Bridge 模式来实现它.
如何实现?
以上面提到的咖啡 为例. 我们原来打算只设计一个接口(抽象类),使用Bridge 模式后,我们需要将抽象和行为分开,加奶和不加奶属于行为,我们将它们抽象成一个专门的行为接口.

public abstract class Coffee
{

     //设置是否加奶
    CoffeeImp coffeeImp;   
    public void setCoffeeImp() {
        this.CoffeeImp = CoffeeImpSingleton.getTheCoffeImp();
    }
    public CoffeeImp getCoffeeImp() {return this.CoffeeImp;}
    public abstract void pourCoffee();
}

 

public abstract class CoffeeImp
{
    public abstract void pourCoffeeImp();
}

 

//加奶
public class MilkCoffeeImp extends CoffeeImp
{
    MilkCoffeeImp() {}
    public void pourCoffeeImp()
    {
        System.out.println("加了美味的牛奶");
    }
}
//不加奶
public class FragrantCoffeeImp extends CoffeeImp
{
    FragrantCoffeeImp() {}
    public void pourCoffeeImp()
    {
        System.out.println("什么也没加,清香");
    }
}

 

//中杯
public class MediumCoffee extends Coffee
{
   public MediumCoffee() {setCoffeeImp();}
   public void pourCoffee()
   {
      CoffeeImp coffeeImp = this.getCoffeeImp();
      //我们以重复次数来说明是冲中杯还是大杯 ,重复2 次是中杯
      for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
      {
         coffeeImp.pourCoffeeImp();
      }
   }
}
//大杯
public class SuperSizeCoffee extends Coffee
{
   public SuperSizeCoffee() {setCoffeeImp();}
   public void pourCoffee()
   {
      CoffeeImp coffeeImp = this.getCoffeeImp();
      //我们以重复次数来说明是冲中杯还是大杯 ,重复5 次是大杯
      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
      {
         coffeeImp.pourCoffeeImp();
      }
   }
}

 

//获得是否加牛奶

public class CoffeeImpSingleton
{
   private static CoffeeImp coffeeImp;
   public CoffeeImpSingleton(CoffeeImp coffeeImpIn)
   {

      this.coffeeImp = coffeeImpIn;

   }
   public static CoffeeImp getTheCoffeeImp()
   {
      return coffeeImp;
   }
}

 

//拿出牛奶
CoffeeImpSingleton coffeeImpSingleton = new CoffeeImpSingleton(new
MilkCoffeeImp());
//中杯加奶
MediumCoffee mediumCoffee = new MediumCoffee();
mediumCoffee.pourCoffee();
//大杯加奶
SuperSizeCoffee superSizeCoffee = new SuperSizeCoffee();
superSizeCoffee.pourCoffee();