【100题】找出链表倒数第k个元素

//查找链表中倒数第k个节点
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//定义链表节点结构
struct ListNode
{
	 int data;
	 ListNode *next;
};
//创建不带头结点的单链表
void createList(ListNode *&Head)
{
	 int num = 0;
	 int flag = 0;
	 ListNode *p = NULL;
	 cin >> num;
	 
	 Head = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
	 while(num != 0)
	 {
		  if(flag == 0)
		  {  
			   Head->data = num;
			   Head->next = NULL;
			   flag = 1;
			   p = Head;
		  }
		  else
		  {
			   ListNode *cur = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
			   cur->data = num;
			   cur->next = NULL;
			  
			   p->next = cur;
			   p = cur;
		  } 
		  cin >> num;
	 }
	// return temp;
}

//打印链表
void printList(ListNode *Head)
{
	 if(Head == NULL)
	 {
		  cout << "Head empty"<<endl;
		  return ;
	 }
	 ListNode *p = Head;
	 while(p != NULL)
	 {
		  cout << p->data <<" ";
		  p = p->next;
	 }
}
//找到倒数第k个，也就是整数第n-k-1个
ListNode *FindK1(ListNode *Head,unsigned int k)
{
	 if(Head == NULL)
	 {
		  return NULL;
	 }
	 ListNode *pCur = Head;
	 //定义nNum，记录链表长度
	 unsigned int nNum = 0;
	 //求取链表长度
	 while(pCur->next != NULL)
	 {
		  pCur = pCur->next;
		  nNum++;
	 }
	 //
	 if(nNum < k)
	 {
		  return NULL;
	 }
	 pCur = Head;
	 for(unsigned int i=0; i < nNum-k; i++)
	 {
		  pCur = pCur->next;
	 }
	 return pCur;
}
//采用两个指针，一前一后，相隔k个位置。
ListNode *FindK2(ListNode *Head,unsigned int k)
{
	 if(Head == NULL)
	 {
		  return NULL;
	 }
	 ListNode *pHead = Head;
	 ListNode *pBehind = NULL;
	 for(unsigned int i=0; i<k; ++i)
	 {
		  if(pHead->next != NULL)
		  {
			   pHead = pHead->next;
		  }
		  else
		  {
			   return NULL;
		  }
	 }
	 pBehind = Head;
	 while(pHead->next != NULL)
	 {
		  pHead = pHead->next;
		  pBehind = pBehind->next;
	 }
	 return pBehind;
}
//测试用例
void main()
{
	 ListNode *List = NULL;
	 cout << "创建链表：";
	 createList(List);
	 cout << "链表元素：";
	 printList(List);
	 ListNode *p = FindK1(List,4);
	 cout << endl <<"倒数第四个：" <<p->data <<endl;
	 ListNode *q = FindK2(List,5);
	 cout << "倒数第五个：" <<q->data <<endl;
}

 

运行结果：

创建链表：1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
链表元素：1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
倒数第四个：5
倒数第五个：4
请按任意键继续. . .