Python GUI框架Tkinter简介

Python在GUI方面并不强，相比wxpython而言，Tkinter内置于python库中，无需另外安装，同时基本的控件也满足日常需求，本文主要罗列Tkinter的基本控件用法，同时文末放出用Tkinter改写的monkey脚本供大家参考。

Tkinter 组件
Tkinter的提供各种控件，如按钮，标签和文本框，一个GUI应用程序中使用。这些控件通常被称为控件或者部件。
目前有15种Tkinter的部件。我们提出这些部件以及一个简短的介绍，在下面的表:

标准属性
标准属性也就是所有控件的共同属性，如大小，字体和颜色等等。

几何管理
Tkinter控件有特定的几何状态管理方法，管理整个控件区域组织，一下是Tkinter公开的几何管理类：包、网格、位置

各控件的详细用法
http://blog.csdn.net/aa1049372051/article/category/6302208

贴上用Tkinter改造的monkey脚本，mac环境编译通过

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *
import os
import time

delayDefault = "2"
seedDefault = "5000000"
executionFrequencyDefault = "60000000"
logDir = "./"
package_default = "com.genyannetwork.qiyuesuo.debug "


def read_click():
    clear_list()
    os.system("adb shell ls data/data > ~/log.log")
    home = os.path.expanduser('~')
    f = open(home + "/log.log", 'r')
    line = f.readline()
    while line:
        line = f.readline()
        if (line != ""):
            print "====" + line
            package_list_box.insert(END, line)
    f.close()


def select_all_click():
    package_list_box.select_set(0, package_list_box.size())


def un_select_click():
    package_list_box.select_clear(0, package_list_box.size())


def clear_list():
    package_list_box.delete(0, package_list_box.size())


def reset():
    list_files("/sdcard/mtklog")
    seed_var.set(seedDefault)
    execute_num_value.set(executionFrequencyDefault)
    delay_num_var.set(delayDefault)
    log_value.set(2)
    execute_mode_value.set(5)


def quick_start_click():
    monkeyCmd = "adb shell monkey" + " -p " + package_default + "  --throttle 2 -s 5000000 -v -v -v --ignore-timeouts  60000000 > trace.log"
    clear_list()
    package_list_box.insert(END, "执行命令：")
    package_list_box.insert(END, monkeyCmd)
    os.system(monkeyCmd)
    print '-----------monkey finish----------'


def start_click():
    start_cmd()


def start_cmd():
    date = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%m%s', time.localtime(time.time()))

    package_section = ""
    print "select package count:" + str(len(package_list_box.curselection()))
    for i in package_list_box.curselection():
        package = package_list_box.get(i)
        print package
        pack = package.strip('\r\n')
        package_section += (" -p " + pack)

    print package_section

    seed_section = " -s " + seed_var.get()
    delay_section = " --throttle " + delay_num_var.get()
    log_section = ""
    mode_section = ""

    log_id = log_value.get()
    if (log_id == 0):
        log_section += " -v"
    elif (log_id == 1):
        log_section += " -v -v"
    elif (log_id == 2):
        log_section += " -v -v -v"

    mode_id = execute_mode_value.get()
    mode_id = 1
    mode = [" --ignore-crashes ",
            " --ignore-timeouts ",
            " --ignore-security-exceptions ",
            " --ignore-native-crashes ",
            " --monitor-native-crashes "]
    if (mode_id == 0):
        mode_section = mode[0]
    elif (mode_id == 1):
        mode_section = mode[1]
    elif (mode_id == 2):
        mode_section = mode[2]
    elif (mode_id == 3):
        mode_section = mode[3]
    elif (mode_id == 4):
        mode_section = mode[4]
    else:
        mode_section = mode[0] + mode[1] + mode[2] + mode[3] + mode[4]

    ##############   create monkey log dir ###############             

    usr_home = os.path.expanduser('~')
    os.chdir(usr_home)
    logDir = "MonkeyLog_" + date
    os.system("mkdir " + logDir)
    logDir = os.path.join(usr_home, logDir)
    print logDir
    os.chdir(logDir)

    ###############  record monkey trace ################

    monkeyCmd = "adb shell monkey "
    monkeyCmd = monkeyCmd + delay_section + seed_section + package_section + log_section + mode_section
    monkeyCmd = monkeyCmd + " " + execute_num_value.get() + " > trace.log"
    print monkeyCmd
    os.system(monkeyCmd)
    print '-----------monkey finish----------'


def build_log():
    os.chdir(logDir)
    print logDir
    date = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M', time.localtime(time.time()))
    dir_m = "Monkey_Log_" + date.replace("-", "")
    dir0 = "sdcard0_mtklog"
    dir1 = "sdcard1_mtklog"

    if (os.path.exists(dir_m + "/" + dir0)):
        print "already exists"
    else:
        os.system("mkdir -p " + dir_m + "/" + dir0)

    if (os.path.exists(dir_m + "/" + dir1)):
        print "already exists"
    else:
        os.system("mkdir -p " + dir_m + "/" + dir1)

    os.chdir(dir_m)
    os.system("adb pull /storage/sdcard0/mtklog/ " + dir0)
    os.system("adb pull /storage/sdcard1/mtklog/ " + dir1)
    build_fatal_log(os.getcwd())


def build_fatal_log(path):
    list_files(path)


def list_files(path):
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        log_f = ""
        for f in files:
            if (f.find("main") == 0):
                log_f = f.strip()
                os.chdir(root)
                if (log_f != ""):
                    grep_cmd = "grep -Eni -B20 -A20 'FATAL|error|exception|system.err|androidruntime' " + log_f + " > " + log_f + "_fatal.log"
                    os.system(grep_cmd)
    print "--------------finish build log-----------------"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = Tk()

    frame = LabelFrame(app, height=800, width=500).pack()

    xPos = 10
    xPos1 = 100
    yPos = 12
    yDelta = 40
    execute_mode = ["忽略程序崩溃",
                    "忽略程序无响应",
                    "忽略安全异常",
                    "出错中断程序",
                    "本地代码导致的崩溃",
                    "默认"
                    ]

    log_mode = ["简单", "普通", "详细"]

    menuBar = Menu(app)
    menu1 = Menu(menuBar, tearoff=0)
    menuBar.add_cascade(label="File1", menu=menu1)

    Label(frame, text="种子数:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos)
    seed_var = StringVar()
    seedCtrl = Entry(frame, textvariable=seed_var).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos)

    Label(frame, text="执行次数:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos + yDelta)
    execute_num_value = StringVar()
    execute_num_ctrl = Entry(frame, textvariable=execute_num_value).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos + yDelta)

    Label(frame, text="延时:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 2 * yDelta)
    delay_num_var = StringVar()
    delay_num_ctrl = Entry(frame, textvariable=delay_num_var).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos + 2 * yDelta)

    Label(frame, text="执行方式:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 3 * yDelta)
    execute_mode_value = IntVar()
    execute_mode_value.set(1)
    for i in range(len(execute_mode)):
        Radiobutton(frame,
                    variable=execute_mode_value,
                    indicatoron=0,
                    text=execute_mode[i],
                    value=i
                    ).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos + (3 + i) * yDelta)

    Label(frame, text="日志输出等级:").place(x=xPos1 + 180, y=yPos + 3 * yDelta)
    log_value = IntVar()
    log_value.set(1)
    for i in range(len(log_mode)):
        Radiobutton(frame,
                    variable=log_value,
                    indicatoron=0,
                    text=log_mode[i],
                    value=i).place(x=xPos1 + 280, y=yPos + (3 + i) * yDelta)

    button_text = ["读取程序", "全部选择", "全部取消", "默认参数", "一键开始", "开始执行", "生成日志"]

    Button(frame, text=button_text[0], command=read_click).place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)
    Button(frame, text=button_text[1], command=select_all_click).place(x=xPos + 100, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)
    Button(frame, text=button_text[2], command=un_select_click).place(x=xPos + 100 * 2, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)
    Button(frame, text=button_text[3], command=reset).place(x=xPos + 100 * 3, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)

    Button(frame, text=button_text[4], command=quick_start_click).place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 10 * yDelta)
    Button(frame, text=button_text[5], command=start_click).place(x=xPos + 100, y=yPos + 10 * yDelta)
    Button(frame, text=button_text[6], command=build_log).place(x=xPos + 100 * 2, y=yPos + 10 * yDelta)

    check_list_box_value = StringVar()
    package_list_box = Listbox(frame, height=20, width=50, selectmode=MULTIPLE,
                               listvariable=check_list_box_value)
    package_list_box.place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 11 * yDelta)
    for item in ['欢迎使用monkey自动测试工具', '请连接好手机后，点击读取程序开始']:
        package_list_box.insert(END, item)

    app.mainloop()