Kubernetes快速部署

安装要求

在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：

• 至少3台机器，操作系统 CentOS7+
• 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘20GB或更多
• 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
• 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像
• 禁止swap分区

学习目标

1. 在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2. 部署Kubernetes Master
3. 部署容器网络插件
4. 部署 Kubernetes Node，将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5. 部署Dashboard Web页面，可视化查看Kubernetes资源

准备环境

系统环境	主机名	IP
centos8	master	192.168.111.151
centos8	node1	192.168.111.152
centos8	node2	192.168.111.153

# 更改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master.example.com
[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1.example.com
[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node2.example.com
[root@localhost ~]# bash

# 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@node1 ~]# sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

[root@node2 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@node2 ~]# sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭swap
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/fstab
# /dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
# /dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
# /dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0

# 在master添加hosts
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.111.151 master master.example.com
192.168.111.152 node1 node1.example.com
192.168.111.153 node2 node2.example.com

# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
# master主机上操作
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

[root@master ~]# sysctl --system 
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/10-default-yama-scope.conf ...
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-coredump.conf ...
kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump %P %u %g %s %t %c %h %e
kernel.core_pipe_limit = 16
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf ...
kernel.sysrq = 16
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.kptr_restrict = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 1
net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel
fs.protected_hardlinks = 1
fs.protected_symlinks = 1
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-libkcapi-optmem_max.conf ...
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf ...
kernel.pid_max = 4194304
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf ...
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf ...
* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...

# 配置时间同步
[root@master ~]# yum -y install chrony
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf 
pool time1.aliyun.com iburst
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now chronyd

[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install chrony
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf 
pool time1.aliyun.com iburst
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable --now chronyd

[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install chrony
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf 
pool time1.aliyun.com iburst
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable --now chronyd

# 配置免密认证
# master主机上操作
[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id master
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id node1
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id node2

# 测试
[root@master ~]# for i in master node1 node2;do ssh $i 'date';done
2021年 12月 18日 星期六 17:42:32 CST
2021年 12月 18日 星期六 17:42:34 CST
2021年 12月 18日 星期六 17:42:35 CST

# 重启让刚刚的操作生效
[root@master ~]# reboot
[root@node1 ~]# reboot
[root@node2 ~]# reboot

修改时区

[root@node2 Asia]# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 
cp：是否覆盖'/etc/localtime'？ y
[root@node2 Asia]# date
2021年 12月 19日 星期日 10:25:29 CST
[root@node2 Asia]# systemctl restart chrony

在所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。

安装docker

# 下载docker源
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

[root@node2 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@node2 yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# 安装docker
[root@master ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

# 设置docker开机自启
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

# 查看docker版本号
[root@master ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57

[root@node1 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57

[root@node2 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57

# 配置加速器
[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://gpdm6wat.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF

[root@node1 ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://g