cJson学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 22:59:43 发布

c1063891514

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 22:59:43 发布

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JSON介绍

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation, JS 对象简谱)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它就是一种数据格式

JSON 语法规则

在 JS 语言中，一切都是对象。因此，任何支持的类型都可以通过 JSON 来表示，例如字符串、数字、对象、数组等。但是对象和数组是比较特殊且常用的两种类型：

● 对象表示为键值对
● 数据由逗号分隔
● 花括号保存对象
● 方括号保存数组

JSON 键/值对

JSON 键值对是用来保存 JS 对象的一种方式，键/值对组合中的键名写在前面并用双引号 "" 包裹，使用冒号 : 分隔，然后紧接着值：

{"firstName": "Json"}

JSON 是树状结构，而 JSON 只包含 6 种数据类型：

null: 表示为 null
boolean: 表示为 true 或 false
number: 一般的浮点数表示方式，在下一单元详细说明
string: 表示为 “…”
array: 表示为 [ … ]
object: 表示为 { … }

`打包解包JSON数据`

生成JSON数据

流程：创建JSON结构体 --> 添加数据 --> 释放内存

先判断整体是否一个json格式数据；

然后一层一层来剖析json格式数据；

有的是json嵌套json。

解析JSON数据

流程：判断JSON格式 --> 解析数据 --> 释放内存

生成json格式的方法很多种，觉得最大效率的就是用sprintf()函数，这个是傻瓜式，直接套模板就行了。

在esp8266中就是使用cjson生成的json数据格式，结果有问题，当处理数据到一定的次数之后就会产生内存不足，重新启动WiFi模块，最后只能使用sprintf产生json数据。

使用例子

void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR myparseJson() {

	//首先创建一个json数据
	/*
		{
			"myid": "84:f3:eb:b3:a7:05",
			"number": 2,
			"value": {
				"name": "XXX",
				"age": 18
			},
			"hexArry": [51, 15, 63, 22, 96]
		}
	 * */
	char * jsonStr = "{	\"myid\": \"84:f3:eb:b3:a7:05\",	\"number\": 2,\"value\": {\"name\": \"XXX\",\"age\": 18},	\"hexArry\": [51, 15, 63, 22, 96]	}";
	//首先整体判断是否为一个json格式的数据
	cJSON *pJsonstr = cJSON_Parse(jsonStr);
	if (pJsonstr !=NULL) {
	        //串口打印这段数据
			char *s = cJSON_Print(pJsonstr);
			os_printf("pJsonstr: %s\r\n", s);
			cJSON_free((void *) s);
			//------------------------------------------------------
			//解析myid字段字符串内容
			cJSON *pMyidAdress = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pJsonstr, "myid");
			//判断myid字段是否json格式
			if (pMyidAdress) {
				//判断mac字段是否string类型
				if (cJSON_IsString(pMyidAdress))
					os_printf("get MyidAdress:%s \n", pMyidAdress->valuestring);
			} else
				os_printf("get MacAdress failed \n");
			//------------------------------------------------------
			 //解析number字段int内容
			cJSON *pNumber = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pJsonstr, "number");
			//判断number字段是否存在
			if (pNumber){
				 //判断number字段是否数字整型类型
				if (cJSON_IsNumber(pNumber))
				os_printf("get Number:%d \n", pNumber->valueint);
			}
			else
				os_printf("get Number failed \n");
	        //解析value字段内容，判断是否为json
	        cJSON *pValue = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pJsonstr, "value");
	        if (pValue) {
	            //进一步剖析里面的name字段:注意这个根节点是 pValue
	            cJSON *pName = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pValue, "name");
	            if (pName)
	                if (cJSON_IsString(pName))
	                    os_printf("get value->Name : %s \n", pName->valuestring);

	            //进一步剖析里面的age字段:注意这个根节点是 pValue
	            cJSON *pAge = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pValue, "age");
	            if (pAge)
	                if (cJSON_IsNumber(pAge))
	                    os_printf("get value->Age : %d \n", pAge->valueint);

	        }
			//------------------------------------------------------
	        //剖析
	            cJSON *pArry = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pJsonstr, "hexArry");
	            if (pArry) {
	            //获取数组长度
	            int arryLength = cJSON_GetArraySize(pArry);
	            os_printf("get arryLength : %d \n", arryLength);
	            //逐个打印
	            int i ;
	            for (i = 0; i < arryLength; i++)
	            os_printf("cJSON_GetArrayItem(pArry, %d)= %d\n",i,cJSON_GetArrayItem(pArry, i)->valueint);
	            }

		} else {
			os_printf("this is not a json data ... \n");
		}

	cJSON_Delete(pJsonstr);

}


void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR mycreatJson(){

/*
{
	"project":	{
			"mcu":	"pro_mrt",
			"cpu":	"robot"
		},

}
 */
	//从里向外创建
	cJSON *pRoot = cJSON_CreateObject();
	cJSON *pRoot1 = cJSON_CreateObject();

    cJSON_AddStringToObject(pRoot1,"mcu","pro_mrt");

    cJSON_AddStringToObject(pRoot1,"cpu","robot");

	cJSON_AddItemToObject(pRoot,"project",pRoot1);


	char *s = cJSON_Print(pRoot);
	os_printf("\r\n creatJson : %s\r\n", s);
	cJSON_free((void *) s);

	cJSON_Delete(pRoot);
}

获取版本
	cJSON_Version(void);



	cJSON_InitHooks(cJSON_Hooks* hooks);



	cJSON_Parse(const char *value);


	cJSON_ParseWithOpts(const char *value, const char **return_parse_end, cJSON_bool require_null_terminated);



	cJSON_Print(const cJSON *item);


	cJSON_PrintUnformatted(const cJSON *item);

	cJSON_PrintBuffered(const cJSON *item, int prebuffer, cJSON_bool fmt);

	cJSON_PrintPreallocated(cJSON *item, char *buffer, const int length, const cJSON_bool format);

	cJSON_Delete(cJSON *c);


	cJSON_GetArraySize(const cJSON *array);

	cJSON_GetArrayItem(const cJSON *array, int index);

	cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
	cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
	cJSON_HasObjectItem(const cJSON *object, const char *string);

	cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void);


	cJSON_IsInvalid(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsFalse(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsTrue(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsBool(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsNull(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsNumber(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsString(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsArray(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsObject(const cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_IsRaw(const cJSON * const item);


	cJSON_CreateNull(void);
	cJSON_CreateTrue(void);
	cJSON_CreateFalse(void);
	cJSON_CreateBool(cJSON_bool boolean);
	cJSON_CreateNumber(double num);
	cJSON_CreateString(const char *string);

	cJSON_CreateRaw(const char *raw);
	cJSON_CreateArray(void);
	cJSON_CreateObject(void);


	cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers, int count);
	cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers, int count);
	cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers, int count);
	cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char **strings, int count);


	cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
	cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);

	cJSON_AddItemToObjectCS(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);

	cJSON_AddItemReferenceToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
	cJSON_AddItemReferenceToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);


	cJSON_DetachItemViaPointer(cJSON *parent, cJSON * const item);
	cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
	cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
	cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
	cJSON_DetachItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
	cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
	cJSON_DeleteItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);


	cJSON_InsertItemInArray(cJSON *array, int which, cJSON *newitem); /* Shifts pre-existing items to the right. */
	cJSON_ReplaceItemViaPointer(cJSON * const parent, cJSON * const item, cJSON * replacement);
	cJSON_ReplaceItemInArray(cJSON *array, int which, cJSON *newitem);
	cJSON_ReplaceItemInObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem);
	cJSON_ReplaceItemInObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem);


	cJSON_Duplicate(const cJSON *item, cJSON_bool recurse);

	need to be released. With recurse!=0, it will duplicate any children connected to the item.
	The item->next and ->prev pointers are always zero on return from Duplicate. */

	cJSON_Compare(const cJSON * const a, const cJSON * const b, const cJSON_bool case_sensitive);

	cJSON_Minify(char *json);


	#define cJSON_AddNullToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateNull())
	#define cJSON_AddTrueToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateTrue())
	#define cJSON_AddFalseToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateFalse())
	#define cJSON_AddBoolToObject(object,name,b) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateBool(b))
	#define cJSON_AddNumberToObject(object,name,n) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateNumber(n))
	#define cJSON_AddStringToObject(object,name,s) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateString(s))
	#define cJSON_AddRawToObject(object,name,s) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateRaw(s))


	#define cJSON_SetIntValue(object, number) ((object) ? (object)->valueint = (object)->valuedouble = (number) : (number))

	(double) cJSON_SetNumberHelper(cJSON *object, double number);
	#define cJSON_SetNumberValue(object, number) ((object != NULL) ? cJSON_SetNumberHelper(object, (double)number) : (number))


	#define cJSON_ArrayForEach(element, array) for(element = (array != NULL) ? (array)->child : NULL; element != NULL; element = element->next)


	(void *) cJSON_malloc(size_t size);
	cJSON_free(void *object);

/* returns the version of cJSON as a string */
CJSON_PUBLIC(const char*) cJSON_Version(void);

/* Supply malloc, realloc and free functions to cJSON */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_InitHooks(cJSON_Hooks* hooks);

/* Memory Management: the caller is always responsible to free the results from all variants of cJSON_Parse (with cJSON_Delete) and cJSON_Print (with stdlib free, cJSON_Hooks.free_fn, or cJSON_free as appropriate). The exception is cJSON_PrintPreallocated, where the caller has full responsibility of the buffer. */
/* Supply a block of JSON, and this returns a cJSON object you can interrogate. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_Parse(const char *value);
/* ParseWithOpts allows you to require (and check) that the JSON is null terminated, and to retrieve the pointer to the final byte parsed. */
/* If you supply a ptr in return_parse_end and parsing fails, then return_parse_end will contain a pointer to the error so will match cJSON_GetErrorPtr(). */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_ParseWithOpts(const char *value, const char **return_parse_end, cJSON_bool require_null_terminated);

/* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_Print(const cJSON *item);
/* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage without any formatting. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_PrintUnformatted(const cJSON *item);
/* Render a cJSON entity to text using a buffered strategy. prebuffer is a guess at the final size. guessing well reduces reallocation. fmt=0 gives unformatted, =1 gives formatted */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_PrintBuffered(const cJSON *item, int prebuffer, cJSON_bool fmt);
/* Render a cJSON entity to text using a buffer already allocated in memory with given length. Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure. */
/* NOTE: cJSON is not always 100% accurate in estimating how much memory it will use, so to be safe allocate 5 bytes more than you actually need */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_PrintPreallocated(cJSON *item, char *buffer, const int length, const cJSON_bool format);
/* Delete a cJSON entity and all subentities. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_Delete(cJSON *c);

/* Returns the number of items in an array (or object). */
CJSON_PUBLIC(int) cJSON_GetArraySize(const cJSON *array);
/* Retrieve item number "item" from array "array". Returns NULL if unsuccessful. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetArrayItem(const cJSON *array, int index);
/* Get item "string" from object. Case insensitive. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_HasObjectItem(const cJSON *object, const char *string);
/* For analysing failed parses. This returns a pointer to the parse error. You'll probably need to look a few chars back to make sense of it. Defined when cJSON_Parse() returns 0. 0 when cJSON_Parse() succeeds. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(const char *) cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void);

/* These functions check the type of an item */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsInvalid(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsFalse(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsTrue(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsBool(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsNull(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsNumber(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsString(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsArray(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsObject(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsRaw(const cJSON * const item);

/* These calls create a cJSON item of the appropriate type. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNull(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateTrue(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFalse(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateBool(cJSON_bool boolean);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNumber(double num);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateString(const char *string);
/* raw json */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateRaw(const char *raw);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArray(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObject(void);

/* These utilities create an Array of count items. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char **strings, int count);

/* Append item to the specified array/object. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Use this when string is definitely const (i.e. a literal, or as good as), and will definitely survive the cJSON object.
 * WARNING: When this function was used, make sure to always check that (item->type & cJSON_StringIsConst) is zero before
 * writing to `item->string` */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_AddItemToObjectCS(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Append reference to item to the specified array/object. Use this when you want to add an existing cJSON to a new cJSON, but don't want to corrupt your existing cJSON. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);

/* Remove/Detatch items from Arrays/Objects. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemViaPointer(cJSON *parent, cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);

/* Update array items. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_InsertItemInArray(cJSON *array, int which, cJSON *newitem); /* Shifts pre-existing items to the right. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_ReplaceItemViaPointer(cJSON * const parent, cJSON * const item, cJSON * replacement);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_ReplaceItemInArray(cJSON *array, int which, cJSON *newitem);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_ReplaceItemInObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_ReplaceItemInObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem);

/* Duplicate a cJSON item */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_Duplicate(const cJSON *item, cJSON_bool recurse);
/* Duplicate will create a new, identical cJSON item to the one you pass, in new memory that will
 need to be released. With recurse!=0, it will duplicate any children connected to the item.
 The item->next and ->prev pointers are always zero on return from Duplicate. */
/* Recursively compare two cJSON items for equality. If either a or b is NULL or invalid, they will be considered unequal.
 * case_sensitive determines if object keys are treated case sensitive (1) or case insensitive (0) */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_Compare(const cJSON * const a, const cJSON * const b, const cJSON_bool case_sensitive);

CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_Minify(char *json);

/* Macros for creating things quickly. */
#define cJSON_AddNullToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateNull())
#define cJSON_AddTrueToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateTrue())
#define cJSON_AddFalseToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateFalse())
#define cJSON_AddBoolToObject(object,name,b) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateBool(b))
#define cJSON_AddNumberToObject(object,name,n) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateNumber(n))
#define cJSON_AddStringToObject(object,name,s) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateString(s))
#define cJSON_AddRawToObject(object,name,s) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateRaw(s))

/* When assigning an integer value, it needs to be propagated to valuedouble too. */
#define cJSON_SetIntValue(object, number) ((object) ? (object)->valueint = (object)->valuedouble = (number) : (number))
/* helper for the cJSON_SetNumberValue macro */
CJSON_PUBLIC(double) cJSON_SetNumberHelper(cJSON *object, double number);
#define cJSON_SetNumberValue(object, number) ((object != NULL) ? cJSON_SetNumberHelper(object, (double)number) : (number))

/* Macro for iterating over an array or object */
#define cJSON_ArrayForEach(element, array) for(element = (array != NULL) ? (array)->child : NULL; element != NULL; element = element->next)

/* malloc/free objects using the malloc/free functions that have been set with cJSON_InitHooks */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void *) cJSON_malloc(size_t size);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_free(void *object);

注意：

1、注意每次使用（包括剖析和生成）之后，都要记得释放内存，就是调用cJSON_Delete()方法，否则一直在占据内存，像8266这样的本身内存就少，运行久了就会死机的！

2、在剖析数据时候，一定要遵循规范，一定要判断是否json数据，而且是否想要的类型，比如字符串，整型，这些都是要认真核对。否则会造成esp8266重启。

3、在处理数组时候，一定要注意不要数组越界问题！

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cJson学习

目录JSON介绍JSON 语法规则JSON 键/值对打包解包JSON数据生成JSON数据解析JSON数据使用例子JSON介绍JSON(JavaScript Object Notation, JS 对象简谱)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它就是一种数据格式JSON 语法规则在 JS 语言中，一切都是对象。因此，任何支持的类型都可以通过 JSON ...
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