7.1 映射类型:字典
映射类型对象里哈希值(键,key)和指向的对象(值,value)是一对多的关系。
7.1.1 创建字典和赋值
>>> dict1 = []
>>> dict1 = {}
>>> dict2 = {'name': 'earth', 'port': '80'}
>>> dict1, dict2
({}, {'name': 'earth', 'port': '80'})
>>> fdict = dict(['x', 1], ['y', 2])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: dict expected at most 1 arguments, got 2
dict expected at most 1 arguments, got 2
>>> fdict = dict((['x', 1], ['y', 2]))
>>> fdict
{'y': 2, 'x': 1}
python 2.2 起可以用工厂函数dict()来创建字典。从Python 2.3 起,可以用内建方法fromkeys() 来创建一个“默认”字典,字典中的元素具有相同的值(若没有给出,则为None):
>>> ddict = {}.fromkeys(('x', 'y'), 1)
>>> ddict
{'y': 1, 'x': 1}
>>> edict = {}.fromkeys(('a', 'b'))
>>> edict
{'a': None, 'b': None}
7.1.2 访问字典的值
>>> for key in dict2:
... print 'key=%s, value=%s' % (key, dict2[key])
key=name, value=earth
key=port, value=80