JavaSE 网络编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 09:16:00 发布

c1tenj2

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 09:16:00 发布

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文章标签：网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/c1tenj2/article/details/141155020

版权

什么是网络编程

计算机与计算机之间通过网络进行数据传输

两种软件架构

网络编程3要素

IP

IPv4

IPv6

    @Test
    public void test01() throws UnknownHostException {
//        InetAddress.getByName 可以是名字或ip
        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("LAPTOP-7IJTG2U2");
        System.out.println(address);

        String hostName = address.getHostName();
        System.out.println(hostName);

        String ip = address.getHostAddress();
        System.out.println(ip);
    }

端口号

协议

OSI参考模型

TCP/IP协议

UDP

发送数据，接收数据

代码

    /*
    54321端口发送数据到12345端口，从12345端口取出数据
    */
    @Test
    public void UDP_Send() throws IOException {
        //1.创建DatagramSocket对象（快递公司）
        //空参：绑定随机端口
        DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(54321);

        //2.打包数据
        byte[] data="测试UDP".getBytes();
        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("LAPTOP-7IJTG2U2");
        int port=12345;
        DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(data,data.length,address,12345);

        //发送数据，释放资源
        ds.send(dp);//向名为“LAPTOP-7IJTG2U2”的计算机的12345端口发送数据
        ds.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void UDP_Receive() throws IOException {
        //创建DatagramSocket对象，绑定端口12345，因为数据被发送到12345端口
        DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(12345);


        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("LAPTOP-7IJTG2U2");
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];

        DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bytes,bytes.length);

        System.out.println("12345端口等待接收数据中");
        ds.receive(dp);
        System.out.println("12345端口接收到数据");

        byte[] data = dp.getData();
        String s = new String(data,0,dp.getLength());
        System.out.println("从ip:"+dp.getAddress()+"的"+dp.getPort()+"端口获取到数据:"+s);
    }

先运行UDP_Receive，会阻塞在ds.receive ，再运行UDP_Send发送数据

运行结果

12345端口等待接收数据中
12345端口接收到数据
从ip:/192.168.123.1的54321端口获取到数据:测试UDP

Process finished with exit code 0

UDP案例：聊天室

需求

发送（聊天室里面的人）

public class RoomSend {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        int port=12345;
        while (true){
            System.out.println("请输入:");
            String str = sc.next();
            if("886".equals(str)){
                break;
            }
            byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length, address, port);
            ds.send(dp);
        }
        ds.close();
    }
}

接收（聊天室）

public class RoomReceive {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(12345);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0,bytes.length);
        while (true){
            ds.receive(dp);
            System.out.println(dp.getAddress()+"--"+dp.getPort()+"--"+new String(dp.getData(),0,dp.getLength()));
        }
    }
}

允许创建多个RoomSend

测试

TCP

发送数据,接收数据

服务端

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        //1.创建ServerSocket对象
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10000);

        //2.监听客户端的链接，没有客户端链接会一直卡在这里，有客户端连接返回socket对象
        Socket socket = ss.accept();

        //3.获取输入流，读数据
        int b;
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        while ((b=br.read())!=-1){
            System.out.print((char)b);
        }

        //4.释放资源
        br.close();
        socket.close();

        //ss.close();   //客户端不关闭
    }
}

客户端

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建socket对象，连接不到服务器的端口10000会报错
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 10000);

        //2.获取socket对象的输出流，输出数据
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我测".getBytes());

        //3.释放资源
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

TCP的三次握手和四次挥手

三次握手

四次挥手

练习

接收并反馈信息

上传文件

服务端

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10000);
        Socket socket = ss.accept();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\java_workspace\\demo3\\src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\upload\\copy.png"));
        int len;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=bis.read(bytes))!=-1){
            bos.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        bos.close();
        bis.close();
        socket.close();
        ss.close();
        System.out.println("传输完成");

    }
}

客户端

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\java_workspace\\demo3\\src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\upload\\img.png"));
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
        int len;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 10000);
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        while ((len= fis.read(bytes))!=-1){
            os.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        fis.close();
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

上传文件（线程版）

服务端

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10000);


        while (true){
            Socket socket = ss.accept();
            new Thread(new MyRunnable(socket)).start();
        }

    }
}

public class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
    private Socket socket;

    public MyRunnable(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\java_workspace\\demo3\\src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\upload\\" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "") + ".png"));
            int len;
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            while ((len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
            }
            bos.close();
            bis.close();
            socket.close();
            System.out.println("传输完成");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

客户端

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\java_workspace\\demo3\\src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\upload\\img.png"));
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
        int len;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 10000);
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            os.write(bytes, 0, len);
        }
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        fis.close();
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

上传文件（线程池版）

服务端

public class TCPServer {
    private static ThreadPoolExecutor myThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            4,//核心线程数
            17,//最大线程数
            1,//空闲线程最大存活时间
            TimeUnit.MINUTES,//时间单位
            new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2),//长度为3的等待队列
            Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),//创建线程工厂
            new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()//设置拒绝策略：丢弃任务并抛出异常
    );


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10000);


        while (true){
            Socket socket = ss.accept();
            TCPServer.myThreadPool.submit(new MyRunnable(socket));
//            new Thread(new MyRunnable(socket)).start();
        }

    }
}