effective c++ 若所有参数皆需要类型转换，请为此采用non-member函数

令classes支持隐式转换通常是个糟糕的主意。但是如果发生在数值类型上，比如设计一个class用来表现有理数，允许整数隐式转换为有理数似乎很是合理

class Rational
{
public:
    Rational(int numerator = 0,int denominator = 1){}
    int numerator()const{};
    int denominator()const{};
    const Rational operator* (const Rational &rhs)const{}
private:
};
int main()
{
    Rational oneHalf(1,2);
    Rational result = oneHalf * 2;
    ///Rational result2 = 2 * oneHalf;
    ///编译错误，因为并没有函数是2.operator*(oneHalf);
    ///编译器寻找non-member operator*也没有
}

改正后

class Rational
{
public:
    Rational(int numerator = 0,int denominator = 1){}
    int numerator()const{};
    int denominator()const{};
private:
};
const Rational operator*(const Rational &lhs,const Rational &rhs)
{
    return Rational(lhs.numerator() * rhs.numerator()
                    ,lhs.denominator() * rhs.denominator());
}
int main()
{
    Rational oneHalf(1,2);
    Rational result = oneHalf * 2;
    result = 2 * oneHalf;
    ///都通过编译了
    ///但是operator*是否应该成为Rational class的一个friend函数呢
    ///operator*可以完全通过Rational的public接口完成上面任务
    ///无论何时如果可以避免friend函数就应当避免，来保证class的封装性

}