Scala Trait 的线性化

Scala Trait调用super方法的线性化是一个难理解的内容，下面让我通过一段代码来推演线性化过程。

源代码：

package c5soft

class SuperBase {
  def show() {
    println("Here step to class SuperBase")
    println("I'm " + toString + "\n")
  }
}

trait TraitBase extends SuperBase {
  override def toString = "trait TraitBase"
  override def show() {
    println("Here step to trait TraitBase")
    super.show()
  }
}

trait A extends TraitBase {
  override def toString = "trait A"
  override def show() {
    println("Here step to trait A")
    super.show()
  }
}

trait AChild extends A {
  override def toString = "trait AChild"
  override def show() {
    println("Here step to trait AChild")
    super.show()
  }
}

trait B extends TraitBase {
  override def toString = "trait B"
  override def show() {
    println("Here step to trait B")
    super.show()
  }
}

trait BChild extends B {
  override def toString = "trait BChild"
  override def show() {
    println("Here step to trait BChild")
    super.show()
  }
}

class C extends SuperBase {
  override def toString = "class C"
  override def show() {
    println("Here step to class C")
    super.show()
  }
}

object Main extends App {
  println("----------C.show-----")
  new C show()

  println("----------CA.show-----")
  new C with A show()

  println("----------CB.show-----")
  new C with B show()

  println("---------CAB.show----")
  new C with A with B show()

  println("---------CaB.show----")
  new C with AChild with B show()

  println("---------CBA.show----")
  new C with B with A show()

  println("---------CBa.show----")
  new C with B with AChild show()

  println("---------Cab.show----")
  new C with AChild with BChild show()

  println("---------Ca.show----")
  new C with AChild show()

}

 

输出结果：

----------C.show-----
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm class C

----------CA.show-----
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait A

----------CB.show-----
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait B

---------CAB.show----
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait B

---------CaB.show----
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait AChild
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait B

---------CBA.show----
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait A

---------CBa.show----
Here step to trait AChild
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait AChild

---------Cab.show----
Here step to trait BChild
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait AChild
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait BChild

---------Ca.show----
Here step to trait AChild
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase
I'm trait AChild

仔细分析这段代码与输出结果，你就能明了Trait的super调用是如何线性化的。

已CBa.show为例:

  println("---------CBa.show----")       //小写的a代表AChild
  new C with B with AChild show()  //这里等同于(new C with B with AChild).show()

调用过程从右到左并依次调用其基类的过程为：

Here step to trait AChild
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class SuperBase
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class SuperBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase

按照【1.基类调用只出现一次；2.后面出现的基类调用在前面删除】原则处理如下：

Here step to trait AChild
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class SuperBase
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class SuperBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase

最终得到:
Here step to trait AChild
Here step to trait A
Here step to trait B
Here step to trait TraitBase
Here step to class C
Here step to class SuperBase