分两种情况来写。
1. 首先是 html 页面 使用 ajax 访问 Servlet:
目录结构:
web.xml 不用修改,因为 Test_Servlet.java 中 配置了 @WebServlet("/test") 。
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function ajax1(){
alert("3333");
$.ajax({
type : "post",
url : "test", // 此处的路径 与 springmvc-servlet.xml 中保持一致
success : function(result){
alert("666");
$(window).attr("location",result);
}
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="">
<input type="button" value="submit2" onclick="ajax1()">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Test_Servlet.java
package test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@WebServlet("/test")
public class Test_Servlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("1111");
request.setAttribute("message", "doGet");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("2222");
request.setAttribute("message", "doPost");
}
}
会看到 输出:
2. html 页面 使用 ajax 访问 SpringMVC 的Controller :
先附上 目录结构:
涉及到 web.xml springmvc-servlet.xml index.html TestController 四个文件
需要导入 springmvc 的一些jar包。这里提供完整下载:http://how2j.cn/k/springmvc/springmvc-springmvc/615.html
web.xml: 配置了 springmvc 解析
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>Servlet</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/test.do">testController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="testController" class="controller.TestController"></bean>
</beans>
index.html : 很简单的程序
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function ajax1(){
alert("3333");
$.ajax({
type : "post",
url : "test.do", // 此处的路径 与 springmvc-servlet.xml 中保持一致
success : function(result){
alert("666");
$(window).attr("location",result);
}
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="">
<input type="button" value="submit2" onclick="ajax1()">
</form>
</body>
</html>
TestController.java:
package controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/test.do")
@ResponseBody
public String test(HttpServletRequest req){
System.out.println("TEST_CONTROLLER...");
String[] result = new String[2];
result[0] = "result.html";
result[1] = "访问 Controller 成功,返回信息 result.html 到 ajax,通过 ajax 转发到 result.html 页面";
return "result.html";
}
}
result.html:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
ajax 访问 controller 成功,转发到 此处。
</body>
</html>
访问的原理:
web.xml 首先被解析,发现有 springmvc 的 servlet,开始寻找 springmvc-xxx.xml 的配置文件,
springmvc-xxx.xml 的配置文件 配置了 bean 和 访问路径映射,可以找到 controller 的 java 文件,
Testcontroller.java 文件中 写了 @RequsetMapping(“xxx”)访问路径指向的方法,会执行该方法。
控制台输出:
页面输出: