【Ajax】ajax 访问 Servlet 和访问 springMVC的Controller

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ca1m0921/article/details/90714923

分两种情况来写。

1. 首先是 html 页面使用 ajax 访问 Servlet：

目录结构：

web.xml 不用修改，因为 Test_Servlet.java 中配置了 @WebServlet("/test") 。

index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		function ajax1(){
			alert("3333");
			$.ajax({
				type : "post",
				url : "test", // 此处的路径 与 springmvc-servlet.xml 中保持一致
				success : function(result){
					alert("666");
					$(window).attr("location",result);
				}
			});
		}
	</script>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="">
		<input type="button" value="submit2" onclick="ajax1()">
	</form>
</body>
</html>

Test_Servlet.java

package test;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@WebServlet("/test")
public class Test_Servlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("1111");
		request.setAttribute("message", "doGet");
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("2222");
		request.setAttribute("message", "doPost");
	}


}

会看到输出：

2. html 页面使用 ajax 访问 SpringMVC 的Controller :

先附上目录结构：

涉及到 web.xml springmvc-servlet.xml index.html TestController 四个文件

需要导入 springmvc 的一些jar包。这里提供完整下载：http://how2j.cn/k/springmvc/springmvc-springmvc/615.html

web.xml: 配置了 springmvc 解析

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>Servlet</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

	<servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">


	<bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping"
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
		<property name="mappings">
			<props>
				<prop key="/test.do">testController</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="testController" class="controller.TestController"></bean>

</beans>

index.html ：很简单的程序

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		function ajax1(){
			alert("3333");
			$.ajax({
				type : "post",
				url : "test.do", // 此处的路径 与 springmvc-servlet.xml 中保持一致
				success : function(result){
					alert("666");
					$(window).attr("location",result);
				}
			});
		}
	</script>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="">
		<input type="button" value="submit2" onclick="ajax1()">
	</form>
</body>
</html>

TestController.java:

package controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class TestController {

	@RequestMapping("/test.do")
	@ResponseBody
	public String test(HttpServletRequest req){
		
		System.out.println("TEST_CONTROLLER...");
		
		String[] result = new String[2];
		result[0] = "result.html";
		result[1] = "访问 Controller 成功，返回信息 result.html 到 ajax，通过 ajax 转发到 result.html 页面";

		return "result.html";
	}
}

result.html:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	ajax 访问 controller 成功，转发到 此处。
</body>
</html>

访问的原理：

web.xml 首先被解析，发现有 springmvc 的 servlet，开始寻找 springmvc-xxx.xml 的配置文件，

springmvc-xxx.xml 的配置文件配置了 bean 和访问路径映射，可以找到 controller 的 java 文件，

Testcontroller.java 文件中写了 @RequsetMapping（“xxx”）访问路径指向的方法，会执行该方法。

控制台输出：