NetCore3.1学习笔记1 中间件

从Program开始

NetCore是一个控制台程序，Program的Main函数是程序的入口，在Main函数里创建一个主机并跑起来

 public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();//创建主机(kestrel)并跑起来
        }

        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)//指定kestrel
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                {
                    webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();//通过Startup类这个控制台程序关联MVC，指定使用哪些中间件
                });
    }
    

Startup类

Startup有两个重要的方法ConfigureServices和Configure

• Configure是配置管道的，指定使用的中间件
• ConfigureServices 将服务添加到容器

 // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
 {
 }

 // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
 {
 }

Configure里IApplicationBuilder 的方法使用

Run

//run 是中断式中间件，终结流程,只是执行，没有去调用Next  
app.Run(context=>context.Response.WriteAsync("This is Configure app.Run"));

Use

这是核心方法，传入一个RequestDelegate，返回一个RequestDelegate，通过这种链式的调用，把所有的中间件都串起来

app.Use(next =>
 {
     return new RequestDelegate(async context =>
     {
         await context.Response.WriteAsync("This is configure IApplicationBuilder Use 1 Start \r\n");
         await next.Invoke(context);
         await context.Response.WriteAsync("This is configure IApplicationBuilder Use 1 End \r\n");

     });
 });

 app.Use(next =>
 {
     return new RequestDelegate(async context =>
     {
         await context.Response.WriteAsync("This is configure IApplicationBuilder Use 2 Start \r\n");
         await next.Invoke(context);
         await context.Response.WriteAsync("This is configure IApplicationBuilder Use 2 End \r\n");

     });
 });

 app.Use(next =>
 {
     return new RequestDelegate(async context =>
     {
         await context.Response.WriteAsync("This is configure IApplicationBuilder Use 3 Start \r\n");
         //await next.Invoke(context); 最后一个中间件没有next
         await context.Response.WriteAsync("This is configure IApplicationBuilder Use 3 End \r\n");

     });
 });

UseWhen

可以对HttpContext检测后，增加处理环节;原来的流程还是正常执行的

app.UseWhen(context =>
{
    return context.Request.Query.ContainsKey("Name");
},
appBuilder =>
{
    appBuilder.Use(async (context, next) =>
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World！");
        await next();
    });
});

Map和MapWhen

根据条件指定中间件 指向终结点，没有Next

 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
 {
 	 //app.Map("/Test", MapTest);//路径条件
     //app.Map("/test2", a => a.Run(async context =>
     //{
     //    await context.Response.WriteAsync($"This is test2");
     //}));
     app.MapWhen(context =>
     {
         return context.Request.Query.ContainsKey("Name");
     }, MapTest);
 }
 
 private static void MapTest(IApplicationBuilder app)
  {
      app.Run(async context =>
      {
          await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Url is {context.Request.Path.Value}");
      });
  }

UseMiddleware

app.UseMiddleware<FirstMiddleWare>();

 public class FirstMiddleWare
 {
     private readonly RequestDelegate _next;

     public FirstMiddleWare(RequestDelegate next)
     {
         _next = next;
     }

     public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
     {
         await context.Response.WriteAsync($"{nameof(FirstMiddleWare)},Hello World1!<br/>");

         await _next(context);

         await context.Response.WriteAsync($"{nameof(FirstMiddleWare)},Hello World2!<br/>");
     }
 }

ConfigureServices

注入容器方法

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
     services.AddTransient<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>();//瞬时
     services.AddSingleton<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();//单例
     services.AddScoped<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();//作用域，一次请求一个实例
 }

换成Autofac

1. Nuget添加依赖
   Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection
2. 在Program里创建容器

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory())//Autofac
            .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
            {
                webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
            });
}

3. 在Startup注册
   在Startup添加方法ConfigureContainer

 public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
 {
     builder.RegisterType<TestServiceA>().As<ITestServiceA>().InstancePerLifetimeScope();
     builder.RegisterType<TestServiceB>().As<ITestServiceB>().InstancePerLifetimeScope();
     builder.RegisterType<TestServiceC>().As<ITestServiceC>().InstancePerLifetimeScope();
     builder.RegisterType<TestServiceD>().As<ITestServiceD>().InstancePerLifetimeScope();

 }

管道处理模型

Http请求就是一段文本，客户端Request到服务器被kestrel解析后得到HttpContext，中间经过多个步骤的加工，最后组装成Response返回客户端，这就是管理。
中间的步骤就是由中间件来完成

引用

ASP.NET Core 中的 .NET 通用主机