STL源码剖析中 traits的使用

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

//归根到底就是使用了function template的参数推导机制(argument deduction)
//traits函数 生成一个该类型的临时对象，然后返回该对象
//而真正的调用函数根据临时对象的类型决定调用哪个函数，当然这些函数是重载的，只是根据类型不同调用不同的重载函数而已
//
//
//


//迭代器的类型，某些函数根据其类型选择迭代方式
struct input_iter {};
struct forward_iter : public input_iter {};
struct random_access_iter : public forward_iter {};


template<class Category, 
			class T, 
			class Distance = ptrdiff_t, 
			class Pointer = T*,
			class Reference = T&>
class iter
{
	typedef Category iterator_category;   //迭代器的类型
	typedef T value_type;                 //迭代器中的值的类型
	typedef Distance difference_type;     //
	typedef Pointer pointer;
	typedef Reference reference;
};


//根据Iterator萃取其类型
template<class Iterator>
struct iter_traits
{
	typedef typename Iterator::iterator_category iterator_category;
	typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
	typedef typename Iterator::distance_type distance_type;
	typedef typename Iterator::pointer pointer;
	typedef typename Iterator::reference reference;
};

//针对原生指针(naive pointer)的traits的偏特化版
template <class T>
struct iter_traits<T*>
{
	typedef random_access_iter iterator_category;  //原生指针应该是随机存取的迭代器
	typedef T value_type;
	typedef ptrdiff_t distance_type;
	typedef T* pointer;
	typedef T& reference;
};

template <class T>
struct iter_traits<const T*>
{
	typedef random_access_iter iterator_category;
	typedef T value_type;
	typedef ptrdiff_t distance_type;
	typedef T* pointer;
	typedef T& reference;
};

//根据Iterator获取其迭代器类型
template <class Iterator>
inline typename iter_traits<Iterator>::iterator_category iter_category(const Iterator&)
{
	typedef typename iter_traits<Iterator>::iterator_category category;
	return category();
}

//根据Iterator获取其迭代器中值的类型
template <class Iterator>
inline typename iter_traits<Iterator>::value_type* iter_value_type(const Iterator&)
{
	return static_cast<typename iter_traits<Iterator>::value_type*>(0);
}


class A {};


void fun(int *a)
{
	cout << "int *a " << endl;
}

void fun(A *a)
{
	cout << "class A" << endl;
}


int main()
{
	A *pa = new A;
	int *a = 0;

	fun(iter_value_type(pa));
	fun(iter_value_type(a));
	
	return 0;
}