1)ORDER BY中所有的列必须包含在相同的索引中并保持在索引中的排列顺序.
2)ORDER BY中所有的列必须定义为非空.
参考:http://www.itpub.net/showthread.php?threadid=238785&pagenumber=
问题:
id为PK
select a,b,id from adf where rownum<7
A B ID
---------------------- ---------------------- ------
0 a 1
0 d 2
0 c 333
0 b 4
0 a 5
1 a 66
6 rows selected
select a,b,id from adf where rownum<7 order by id
A B ID
---------------------- ---------------------- ------
0 a 1
0 d 2
0 b 4
0 a 5
1 b 7
1 c 8
6 rows selected
结果是先order by ,再执行rownum<7
但如果是这样:
select a,b,id from adf where rownum<7 order by b
A B ID
---------------------- ---------------------- ------
0 a 1
0 a 5
1 a 66
0 b 4
0 c 333
0 d 2
6 rows selected
结果是先执行rownum<7,再order by
这是为什么???
难道是因为id是PK,所以就不同。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
解答:
跟主健及其上面的索引有关系:
ID是主健.
SQL> select * from t;
ID ID1
---------- ----------
1 2
2 4
4 3
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'T'
SQL> select * from t where rownum<3 order by id desc;
ID ID1
---------- ----------
4 3
2 4
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'T'
3 2 INDEX (FULL SCAN DESCENDING) OF 'PK' (UNIQUE)
'因为是主健,先进行索引的排序全表扫描,然后在count 2'
SQL> select * from t where rownum<3 order by id1;
ID ID1
---------- ----------
1 2
2 4
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 SORT (ORDER BY)
2 1 COUNT (STOPKEY)
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'T'
'没有使用索引,先进行全表扫描,然后再count 2,再排序'
为什么会使用pk的索引呢?一般的索引行吗?
我们看看:
1)在id1上创建索引
SQL> create index id1idx on t(id1);
索引已创建。
SQL> select * from t where rownum<3 order by id1;
ID ID1
---------- ----------
1 2
2 4
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 SORT (ORDER BY)
2 1 COUNT (STOPKEY)
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'T' '还是全表扫描'
SQL> select * from t where id1>0 and rownum<3 order by id1;
'加了id1>0 ,这样会使用到id1的索引'
ID ID1
---------- ----------
1 2
4 3
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'T'
3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'ID1IDX' (NON-UNIQUE)
2)pk的索引是因为有order by 而使用的。order by 使用索引是有条件的:
ORDER BY中所有的列必须包含在相同的索引中并保持在索引中的排列顺序.
ORDER BY中所有的列必须定义为非空.
因为id1是可以为空的,所以order by 不会使用它。而pk的索引是非空的,所以order by 会使用。
我们将id1设为非空看看。
SQL> alter table t
2 modify (id1 int not null);
表已更改。
SQL> select * from t where rownum<3 order by id1;
ID ID1
---------- ----------
1 2
4 3
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'T'
3 2 INDEX (FULL SCAN) OF 'ID1IDX' (NON-UNIQUE)
'这次,order by id1 使用了id1上的索引!'