ORACLE 11G手动建库

1.安装数据库软件

2. 设置环境变量

[oracle@zengyike ~]$ vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=yico
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export PATH

3. 创建zengyike目录

[root@zengyike ~]# chmod -R 775 /opt
[root@zengyike ~]# chown -R oracle:dba /opt/

rm -rf $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/dpdump
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/scripts
chmod -R 750 $ORACLE_BASE/admin


rm -rf $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/alert   
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/cdump   
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/hm      
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/incident
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/incpkg  
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/ir      
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/lck     
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/metadata
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/stage   
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/sweep   
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/trace
chmod -R 750 $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID  

4. 创建密码文件

[oracle@zengyike oracle]$ mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/

[oracle@ogg04 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs
[oracle@ogg04 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwyico password=oracle entries=5

5.建初始化参数文件

[oracle@yico dbs]$ vi inityico.ora

yico.__db_cache_size=348127232
yico.__java_pool_size=4194304
yico.__large_pool_size=4194304
yico.__oracle_base='/opt/app/oracle'
yico.__pga_aggregate_target=343932928
yico.__sga_target=515899392
yico.__shared_io_pool_size=0
yico.__shared_pool_size=150994944
yico.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/yico/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oradata/yico/control01.ctl','/opt/oradata/yico/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='yico'
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/app/oracle'
*.memory_target=858783744
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

6. 启动实例到nomount状态

SQL> startup nomount pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inityico.ora'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  855982080 bytes
Fixed Size		    2258040 bytes
Variable Size		  503319432 bytes
Database Buffers	  348127232 bytes
Redo Buffers		    2277376 bytes

7.创建spfile

SQL> create spfile  from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inityico.ora';
File created.

8.建库脚本

SQL> create database yico CONTROLFILE REUSE 
   MAXINSTANCES 8 
   MAXDATAFILES 2000
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1024
   MAXLOGFILES 64
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 4
   character set ZHS16GBK national character set AL16UTF16
   logfile 
   group 1 ('/opt/oradata/yico/redo01.log') size 50M reuse,
   group 2 ('/opt/oradata/yico/redo02.log') size 50M reuse,
   group 3 ('/opt/oradata/yico/redo03.log') size 50M reuse
datafile '/opt/oradata/yico/system01.dbf' size 1000M reuse extent management local
sysaux datafile '/opt/oradata/yico/sysaux01.dbf' size 800M
default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '/opt/oradata/yico/temp01.dbf' size 500M reuse
undo tablespace undotbs1 datafile '/opt/oradata/yico/undotbs01.dbf' size 126M reuse
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY "oracle" USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "oracle";
 
Database created.

9. 运行数据字典脚本，其中catalog和catproc是必需的，其它可选：

SQL> spool /home/oracle/cat_yico.log
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;      （建数据字典视图）
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;      （建存储过程包）    --时间较长
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql;     （建锁相关的几个视图）
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql;      （建密码工具包dbms_crypto_toolkit）
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb;      （建工作空间管理相关对象，如dmbs_wm）
SQL> spool off
执行完后检查/orahome/cat.log看看有什么不可接受的错误没有。

10. 新建sqlplus属性和帮助、USERS表空间

SQL> connect system/oracle
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql
SQL> connect /as sysdba
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE USERS LOGGING DATAFILE '/opt/oradata/yico/user01.dbf' SIZE 100M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS;

11. 最后修改为归档模式并重启(省略此步骤）

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence     1
Current log sequence           2
 
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> connect /as sysdba
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

至此  数据库安装完毕  监听也安装完毕