Struts2源码分析(二)Struts2运行流程分析

Struts2是很早之前学过的。刚刚学完Servlet之后就开始学习Struts2。学完Struts2的基础知识后就着手开始做了个小项目。现在正在学SpringMVC，感觉SpringMVC确实是比Struts2好用一点。现在一边学习SpringMVC，一边重新研究Struts2源码。

好多大牛都不断强调，去看源码分析源码，不要只停留在使用的层面上，但是却从来很少人来说怎么去看。个人觉得如果单单打开那些源码包去看源码哪怕你看个半天其他没啥实际效果，因为没有形成应用场景，例如，没有将请求到处理的执行流程都在脑中思考过一篇，去看人家的源码没有任何意义。

1. Struts2官方架构图

依照上图，我们可以看出一个请求在struts的处理大概有如下步骤：

　　1、客户端初始化一个指向Servlet容器的请求；

　　2、这个请求经过一系列的过滤器（Filter）（这些过滤器中有一个叫做ActionContextCleanUp的可选过滤器，这个过滤器对于Struts2和其他框架的集成很有帮助，例如：SiteMesh Plugin）；

　　3、接着StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter被调用，StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter询问ActionMapper.该请求是否是一个Struts2请求(即是否返回一个非空的ActionMapping对象)

　　4、如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action(即认定该请求是一个Struts2请求)，FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy；

　　5、ActionProxy通过Configuration Manager询问框架的配置文件，找到需要调用的Action类以及执行的Action类的方法；

　　6、ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例，并进行初始化。

　　7、ActionInvocation实例使用命名模式来调用，在调用Action的过程前后，涉及到相关拦截器（Intercepter）的调用。

8、一旦Action执行完毕，ActionInvocation负责根据struts.xml中的配置找到对应的返回结果。返回结果通常是（但不总是，也可能是另外的一个Action链）一个需要被表示的JSP或者FreeMarker的模版。在表示的过程中可以使用Struts2 框架中的标签。在这个过程中需要涉及到ActionMapper。

9.执行各个拦截器 invocation.invoke()之后的代码

10.发送结果给客户端

二.项目项目中的Struts2的配置:

web.xml中配置核心过滤器StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter

<filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter过滤器会拦截一切以action为结尾的URL。

StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java代码如下：

/*
 * $Id: DefaultActionSupport.java 651946 2008-04-27 13:41:38Z apetrelli $
 *
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter;

import org.apache.struts2.StrutsStatics;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.PrepareOperations;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * Handles both the preparation and execution phases of the Struts dispatching process.  This filter is better to use
 * when you don't have another filter that needs access to action context information, such as Sitemesh.
 */
public class StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter implements StrutsStatics, Filter {
   
    protected PrepareOperations prepare;
    protected ExecuteOperations execute;
    protected List<Pattern> excludedPatterns = null;

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        InitOperations init = new InitOperations();
        Dispatcher dispatcher = null;
        try {
            FilterHostConfig config = new FilterHostConfig(filterConfig);
            init.initLogging(config);
            dispatcher = init.initDispatcher(config);
            init.initStaticContentLoader(config, dispatcher);

            prepare = new PrepareOperations(filterConfig.getServletContext(), dispatcher);
            execute = new ExecuteOperations(filterConfig.getServletContext(), dispatcher);
            this.excludedPatterns = init.buildExcludedPatternsList(dispatcher);

            postInit(dispatcher, filterConfig);
        } finally {
            if (dispatcher != null) {
                dispatcher.cleanUpAfterInit();
            }
            init.cleanup();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Callback for post initialization
     */
    protected void postInit(Dispatcher dispatcher, FilterConfig filterConfig) {
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;

        try {
            if (excludedPatterns != null && prepare.isUrlExcluded(request, excludedPatterns)) {
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
            } else {
                prepare.setEncodingAndLocale(request, response);
                prepare.createActionContext(request, response);
                prepare.assignDispatcherToThread();
                request = prepare.wrapRequest(request);
                ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);
                if (mapping == null) {
                    boolean handled = execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);
                    if (!handled) {
                        chain.doFilter(request, response);
                    }
                } else {
                    execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping);
                }
            }
        } finally {
            prepare.cleanupRequest(request);
        }
    }

    public void destroy() {
        prepare.cleanupDispatcher();
    }

}

可以得到的一些有用的信息，这个类是实现了：StrutsStatics, Filter这两个接口，因此它依然是Servlet规范里标准的Filter；

1、init实现初始化配置信息；

2、doFilter处理请求、过滤请求；

3、destroy负责清空分发器；

我们再细心点观察思考，就会发现一个比较重要的对象：Dispatcher，在init的时候我们将其填充完成.

 InitOperations init = new InitOperations();
 Dispatcher dispatcher = null;
 FilterHostConfig config = new FilterHostConfig(filterConfig);
 dispatcher = init.initDispatcher(config);

我们来看看Dispather这个类：

/*
 * $Id$
 *
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.apache.struts2.dispatcher;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManager;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManagerFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.LocaleProvider;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Result;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.Configuration;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationException;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.FileManagerFactoryProvider;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.FileManagerProvider;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.InterceptorMapping;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.InterceptorStackConfig;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.PackageConfig;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Container;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Inject;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.LocalizedTextUtil;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStackFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.location.LocatableProperties;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.location.Location;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.location.LocationUtils;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.Logger;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.LoggerFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack;
import freemarker.template.Template;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsConstants;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsException;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsStatics;
import org.apache.struts2.config.DefaultBeanSelectionProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.config.DefaultPropertiesProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.config.PropertiesConfigurationProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequestWrapper;
import org.apache.struts2.util.AttributeMap;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ObjectFactoryDestroyable;
import org.apache.struts2.util.fs.JBossFileManager;
import org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

/**
 * A utility class the actual dispatcher delegates most of its tasks to. Each instance
 * of the primary dispatcher holds an instance of this dispatcher to be shared for
 * all requests.
 *
 * @see org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
 */
public class Dispatcher {
   

    /**
     * Provide a logging instance.
     */
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Dispatcher.class);

    /**
     * Provide a thread local instance.
     */
    private static ThreadLocal<Dispatcher> instance = new ThreadLocal<Dispatcher>();

    /**
     * Store list of DispatcherListeners.
     */
    private static List<DispatcherListener> dispatcherListeners =
        new CopyOnWriteArrayList<DispatcherListener>();

    /**
     * Store ConfigurationManager instance, set on init.
     */
    private ConfigurationManager configurationManager;

    /**
     * Store state of StrutsConstants.STRUTS_DEVMODE setting.
     */
    private boolean devMode;

    /**