一、概述
1.1 Binder架构
Android内核基于Linux系统，而Linux系统进程间通信方式有很多，如管道，共g享内存，信号，信号量，消息队列，套接字。而Android为什么要用binder进行进程间的通信，这里引用gityuan在知乎上的回答：
（1）从性能的角度数据拷贝次数
Binder数据拷贝只需要一次，而管道，消息队列，Socket都需要二次，但共享内存连一次拷贝都不需要；从性能角度看，Binder性能仅次于共享内存。
（2）从稳定性的角度
Binder基于C/S架构，Server端和Client端相对独立，稳定性较好，而共享内存实现方式复杂，需要考虑到同步并发的问题。从稳定性方面，Binder架构优于共享内存。
（3）从安全的角度
传统Linux进程间通信无法获取对方进程可靠的UID/PID，无法鉴别对方身份；而Android为每个应用程序分配UID，Android系统中对外只暴露Client端，Client端将任务发送给Server端，Server端会根据权限控制策略，判断UID/PID是佛满足访问权限。
（4）从语言层面的角度
Linux是基于C语言，而Android是基于Java语言，Binder符合面向对象的思想，Binder将进程间通信转化为通过对某个Binder对象的引用调用该对象的方法。Binder对象作为一个可以跨进程引用的对象，它的实体位于一个进程中，而它的引用却可以在系统的每个进程之中。
（5）从公司战略的角度
Linux内核源码许可基于GPL协议，为了避免遵循GPL协议，就不能在应用层调用底层kernel，Binder基于开源的OpenBinder实现，作者在Google工作，OpenBinder用Apache-2.0协议保护。
Binder架构采用分层架构设计，每一层都有不同的功能。
分层的架构设计主要特点如下：
- 层与层具有独立性；
- 设计灵活，层与层之间都定义好接口，接口不变就不会有影响；
- 结构的解耦合，让每一层可以用适合自己的技术方案和语言；
- 方便维护，可分层调试和定位问题
Binder架构分成四层，应用层，Framework层，Native层和内核层
应用层：Java应用层通过调用IActivityManager.bindService,经过层层调用到AMS.bindService；
Framework层：Jave IPC Binder通信采用C/S架构，在Framework层实现BinderProxy和Binder;
Native层：Native IPC，在Native层的C/S架构，实现了BpBinder和BBinder(JavaBBinder);
Kernel层：Binder驱动，运行在内核空间，可共享。其它三层是在用户空间，不可共享。
1.2 Binder IPC原理
Binder通信采用C/S架构，包含Client，Server，ServiceManager以及binder驱动，其中ServiceManager用于管理系统中的各种服务，下面是以AMS服务为例的架构图：
无论是注册服务还是获取服务的过程都需要ServiceManager，此处的ServiceManager是指Native层的ServiceManager(C++)，并非指framework层的ServiceManager（Java）。ServiceManager是整个Binder通信机制的大管家，是Android进程间通信机制Binder的守护进程。Client端和Server端通信时都需要先获取ServiceManager接口，才能开始通信服务，查找到目标信息可以缓存起来则不需要每次都向ServiceManager请求。
图中Client/Server/ServiceManager之间的相互通信都是基于Binder机制，其主要分为三个过程：
1.注册服务：AMS注册到ServiceManager。这个过程AMS所在的进程(system_server)是客户端，ServiceManager是服务端。
2.获取服务：Client进程使用AMS前，必须向ServiceManager中获取AMS的代理类。这个过程：AMS的代理类是客户端，ServiceManager是服务端。
3.使用服务：app进程根据得到的代理类，便可以直接与AMS所在进程交互。这个过程：代理类所在进程是客户端，AMS所在进程(system_server)是服务端。
Client,Server，ServiceManager之间不是直接交互的，都是通过与Binder Driver进行交互的，从而实现IPC通信方式。Binder驱动位于内核层，Client,Server,ServiceManager位于用户空间。Binder驱动和ServiceManager可以看做是Android平台的基础架构，而Client和Server是Android应用层。
前面已经分析过第一第二个过程注册服务和获取服务，本文主要介绍第三个过程使用服务，以bindService过程为例。
1.3 bindService流程
bindService流程如下图，从客户端调用bindService到服务器端通过ServiceConnected对象返回代理类给客户端，下面将从源码的角度分析这个过程。
二、客户端进程
2.1 CL.bindService
[->ContextImpl.java]
@Override
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
int flags) {
warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(), getUser());
}
2.2 CL.bindServiceCommon
[->ContextImpl.java]
private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, Handler
handler, UserHandle user) {
// Keep this in sync with DevicePolicyManager.bindDeviceAdminServiceAsUser.
IServiceConnection sd;
if (conn == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
}
if (mPackageInfo != null) {
//获取的内部静态类InnerConnection
sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
}
validateServiceIntent(service);
try {
IBinder token = getActivityToken();
if (token == null && (flags&BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null
&& mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
< android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
}
service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
//bindservice见2.3节
int res = ActivityManager.getService().bindService(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
if (res < 0) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Not allowed to bind to service " + service);
}
return res != 0;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
主要的工作如下：
-
创建对象LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher对象
-
向AMS发送bindservice请求
2.2.1 getServiceDispatcher
[->LoadedApk.java]
public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,
Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {
synchronized (mServices) {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;
ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context);
if (map != null) {
if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "Returning existing dispatcher " + sd + " for conn " + c);
sd = map.get(c);
}
if (sd == null) {
//创建服务分发对象
sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);
if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "Creating new dispatcher " + sd + " for conn " + c);
if (map == null) {
map = new ArrayMap<>();
mServices.put(context, map);
}
//ServiceConnection为key，ServiceDispatcher为value保存到map
map.put(c, sd);
} else {
sd.validate(context, handler);
}
return sd.getIServiceConnection();
}
}
-
mServices记录所有context里面每个ServiceConnection以及所对应的所对应的LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher对象；同一个ServiceConnection只会创建一次，
-
返回的对象是ServiceConnection.InnerConnection,该对象继承于IServiceConnection.Stub。
2.2.2 ServiceDispatcher
[->LoadedApk.java]
static final class ServiceDispatcher {
private final ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection mIServiceConnection;
@UnsupportedAppUsage
private final ServiceConnection mConnection;
@UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
private final Context mContext;
private final Handler mActivityThread;
private final ServiceConnectionLeaked mLocation;
private final int mFlags;
private RuntimeException mUnbindLocation;
private boolean mForgotten;
private static class ConnectionInfo {
IBinder binder;
IBinder.DeathRecipient deathMonitor;
}
private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
@UnsupportedAppUsage
final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
//创建ServiceDispatcher弱引用
mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
}
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead)
throws RemoteException {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
if (sd != null) {
sd.connected(name, service, dead);
}
}
}
private final ArrayMap<ComponentName, ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo> mActiveConnections
= new ArrayMap<ComponentName, ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo>();
@UnsupportedAppUsage
ServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection conn,
Context context, Handler activityThread, int flags) {
//新建InnerConnection
mIServiceConnection = new InnerConnection(this);
mConnection = conn;
mContext = context;
mActivityThread = activityThread;
mLocation = new ServiceConnectionLeaked(null);
mLocation.fillInStackTrace();
mFlags = flags;
}
....
@UnsupportedAppUsage
IServiceConnection getIServiceConnection() {
//返回上面初始化的 mIServiceConnection
return mIServiceConnection;
}
....
}
getServiceDispatcher返回的是构造方法中的InnerConnection对象。
2.2.3 AM.getService
[->ActivityManager.java]
public static IActivityManager getService() {
return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
}
@UnsupportedAppUsage
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton =
new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
@Override
protected IActivityManager create() {
//获取IBinder
final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
//见2.2.5节，获取代理
final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
return am;
}
};
在前面获取服务那篇文章中可以看出ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);等价于new BinderProxy(nativeData)，这里的b相当于BinderProxy对象。
2.2.4 asInterface
[->IActivityManager.java]
public static android.app.IActivityManager asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
//如果不是代理，这里不会走这里
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof android.app.IActivityManager))) {
return ((android.app.IActivityManager) iin);
}
return new android.app.IActivityManager.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
2.2.5 创建Proxy
[->IActivityManager.java]
private static class Proxy implements android.app.IActivityManager {
private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
mRemote = remote;
}
...
@Override
public int bindService(android.app.IApplicationThread caller, android.os.IBinder token, android.content.Intent service, String resolvedType, android.app.IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage, int userId) throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
int _result;
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
//将ApplicationThread对象传递给systemserver
_data.writeStrongBinder((((caller != null)) ? (caller.asBinder()) : (null)));
_data.writeStrongBinder(token);
if ((service != null)) {
_data.writeInt(1);
service.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
} else {
_data.writeInt(0);
}
_data.writeString(resolvedType);
//将InnerConnection对象传递给systemserver
_data.writeStrongBinder((((connection != null)) ? (connection.asBinder()) : (null)));
_data.writeInt(flags);
_data.writeString(callingPackage);
_data.writeInt(userId);
//通过bind调用，进入到systemserver
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_bindService, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.readInt();
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
return _result;
}
...
}
这里mRemote为BinderProxy对象，通过mRemote向服务端传输数据。
writeStrongBinder、transact操作在注册服务那篇文章有详细的介绍，这里不再分析，向目标进程写入BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION命令，下面进入服务端systemserver进程。
三、system_server进程
在进程的启动那篇文章15.2节中，systemserver进程启动时会启动binder线程
3.1 onZygoteInit()
[->app_main.cpp]
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool./n");
proc->startThreadPool(); //启动新的binder线程
}
3.1.1 startThreadPool
[->ProcessState.cpp]
void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
{
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {
mThreadPoolStarted = true;
spawnPooledThread(true);
}
}
3.1.2 spawnPooledThread
[->ProcessState.cpp]
void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)
{
if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
String8 name = makeBinderThreadName();
ALOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s/n", name.string());
//创建线程池
sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);
//执行threadLoop方法
t->run(name.string());
}
}
3.1.3 new PoolThread
[->ProcessState.cpp]
class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
explicit PoolThread(bool isMain)
: mIsMain(isMain)
{
}
protected:
virtual bool threadLoop()
{
//见3.2节
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
}
const bool mIsMain;
};
3.2 joinThreadPool
[->IPCThreadState.cpp]
void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
{
LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS JOINING THE THREAD POOL/n", (void*)pthread_self(), getpid());
mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);
status_t result;
do {
//处理对象引用
processPendingDerefs();
// now get the next command to be processed, waiting if necessary
//获取并执行命令，见2.3节
result = getAndExecuteCommand();
if (result < NO_ERROR && result != TIMED_OUT && result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF) {
ALOGE("getAndExecuteCommand(fd=%d) returned unexpected error %d, aborting",
mProcess->mDriverFD, result);
abort();
}
// Let this thread exit the thread pool if it is no longer
// needed and it is not the main process thread.
//对于binder非主线程，不再使用则退出
if(result == TIMED_OUT && !isMain) {
break;
}
} while (result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF);
LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS LEAVING THE THREAD POOL err=%d/n",
(void*)pthread_self(), getpid(), result);
mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
//和binder驱动交互
talkWithDriver(false);
}
system_server进程，通过这个while循环来获取并执行binder命令。
3.3 IPC.getAndExecuteCommand
[->IPCThreadState.cpp]
status_t IPCThreadState::getAndExecuteCommand()
{
status_t result;
int32_t cmd;
//和Binder Driver交互
result = talkWithDriver();
if (result >= NO_ERROR) {
size_t IN = mIn.dataAvail();
if (IN < sizeof(int32_t)) return result;
//读取命令
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Processing top-level Command: "
<< getReturnString(cmd) << endl;
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount++;
if (mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount >= mProcess->mMaxThreads &&
mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs == 0) {
mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs = uptimeMillis();
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
//见3.4节
result = executeCommand(cmd);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount--;
if (mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount < mProcess->mMaxThreads &&
mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs != 0) {
int64_t starvationTimeMs = uptimeMillis() - mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs;
if (starvationTimeMs > 100) {
ALOGE("binder thread pool (%zu threads) starved for %" PRId64 " ms",
mProcess->mMaxThreads, starvationTimeMs);
}
mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs = 0;
}
pthread_cond_broadcast(&mProcess->mThreadCountDecrement);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
}
return result;
}
这里system_server的binder线程空闲，停在binder_thread_read方法来处理进程/线程的事务。前面收到BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION命令，经过binder_thread_read后生成命令cmd=BR_TRANSACTION，再将cmd和数据写回用户空间。
3.4 IPC.executeCommand
[->IPCThreadState.cpp]
status_t IPCThreadState::executeCommand(int32_t cmd)
{
BBinder* obj;
RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
status_t result = NO_ERROR;
switch ((uint32_t)cmd) {
...
case BR_TRANSACTION:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
result = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
ALOG_ASSERT(result == NO_ERROR,
"Not enough command data for brTRANSACTION");
if (result != NO_ERROR) break;
Parcel buffer;
//当buffer对象回收时，通过调用freeBuffer来回收内存
buffer.ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t), freeBuffer, this);
const pid_t origPid = mCallingPid;
const uid_t origUid = mCallingUid;
const int32_t origStrictModePolicy = mStrictModePolicy;
const int32_t origTransactionBinderFlags = mLastTransactionBinderFlags;
//设置调用者的pid、uid
mCallingPid = tr.sender_pid;
mCallingUid = tr.sender_euid;
mLastTransactionBinderFlags = tr.flags;
//ALOGI(">>>> TRANSACT from pid %d uid %d/n", mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
Parcel reply;
status_t error;
IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BR_TRANSACTION thr " << (void*)pthread_self()
<< " / obj " << tr.target.ptr << " / code "
<< TypeCode(tr.code) << ": " << indent << buffer
<< dedent << endl
<< "Data addr = "
<< reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer)
<< ", offsets addr="
<< reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets) << endl;
}
if (tr.target.ptr) {
// We only have a weak reference on the target object, so we must first try to
// safely acquire a strong reference before doing anything else with it.
// 尝试通过弱引用获取强引用
if (reinterpret_cast<RefBase::weakref_type*>(
tr.target.ptr)->attemptIncStrong(this)) {
//tr.cookie存放的是BBinder子类的JavaBBinder
error = reinterpret_cast<BBinder*>(tr.cookie)->transact(tr.code, buffer,
&reply, tr.flags);
reinterpret_cast<BBinder*>(tr.cookie)->decStrong(this);
} else {
error = UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
}
} else {
error = the_context_object->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);
}
//ALOGI("<<<< TRANSACT from pid %d restore pid %d uid %d/n",
// mCallingPid, origPid, origUid);
if ((tr.flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {
//对于非oneway，需要通过reply通信过程，向binder驱动发送BC_REPLY命令
LOG_ONEWAY("Sending reply to %d!", mCallingPid);
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);
sendReply(reply, 0);
} else {
LOG_ONEWAY("NOT sending reply to %d!", mCallingPid);
}
//恢复pid和uid信息
mCallingPid = origPid;
mCallingUid = origUid;
mStrictModePolicy = origStrictModePolicy;
mLastTransactionBinderFlags = origTransactionBinderFlags;
IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BC_REPLY thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / obj "
<< tr.target.ptr << ": " << indent << reply << dedent << endl;
}
}
break;
...
}
if (result != NO_ERROR) {
mLastError = result;
}
return result;
}
-
对于oneway的情况，执行完本次transact则全部结束
-
对于非oneway的情况，需要reply的通信过程，则向Binder驱动发送RC_REPLY命令
3.4.1 ipcSetDataReference
[->Parcel.cpp]
void Parcel::ipcSetDataReference(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataSize,
const binder_size_t* objects, size_t objectsCount, release_func relFunc, void* relCookie)
{
binder_size_t minOffset = 0;
//见3.4.2小节
freeDataNoInit();
mError = NO_ERROR;
mData = const_cast<uint8_t*>(data);
mDataSize = mDataCapacity = dataSize;
//ALOGI("setDataReference Setting data size of %p to %lu (pid=%d)", this, mDataSize, getpid());
mDataPos = 0;
ALOGV("setDataReference Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
mObjects = const_cast<binder_size_t*>(objects);
mObjectsSize = mObjectsCapacity = objectsCount;
mNextObjectHint = 0;
mObjectsSorted = false;
mOwner = relFunc;
mOwnerCookie = relCookie;
for (size_t i = 0; i < mObjectsSize; i++) {
binder_size_t offset = mObjects[i];
if (offset < minOffset) {
ALOGE("%s: bad object offset %" PRIu64 " < %" PRIu64 "/n",
__func__, (uint64_t)offset, (uint64_t)minOffset);
mObjectsSize = 0;
break;
}
minOffset = offset + sizeof(flat_binder_object);
}
scanForFds();
}
Parcel成员变量说明：
mData：parcel数据起始地址
mDataSize：parcel数据大小
mObjects：flat_binder_object地址偏移量
mObjectsSize：parcel中flat_binder_object个数
mOwner：释放函数freeBuffer
mOwnerCookie：释放函数所需信息
3.4.2 freeDataNoInit
[->Parcel.cpp]
void Parcel::freeDataNoInit()
{
if (mOwner) {
LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: freeing other owner data", this);
//ALOGI("Freeing data ref of %p (pid=%d)", this, getpid());
mOwner(this, mData, mDataSize, mObjects, mObjectsSize, mOwnerCookie);
} else {
//为空进入这里
LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: freeing allocated data", this);
releaseObjects();
if (mData) {
LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: freeing with %zu capacity", this, mDataCapacity);
pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
if (mDataCapacity <= gParcelGlobalAllocSize) {
gParcelGlobalAllocSize = gParcelGlobalAllocSize - mDataCapacity;
} else {
gParcelGlobalAllocSize = 0;
}
if (gParcelGlobalAllocCount > 0) {
gParcelGlobalAllocCount--;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
free(mData);
}
if (mObjects) free(mObjects);
}
}
3.4.3 releaseObjects
[->Parcel.cpp]
void Parcel::releaseObjects()
{
const sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
size_t i = mObjectsSize;
uint8_t* const data = mData;
binder_size_t* const objects = mObjects;
while (i > 0) {
i--;
const flat_binder_object* flat
= reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(data+objects[i]);
//见3.4.3小节
release_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
}
}
3.4.4 release_object
[->Parcel.cpp]
static void release_object(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
const flat_binder_object& obj, const void* who, size_t* outAshmemSize)
{
switch (obj.hdr.type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
if (obj.binder) {
LOG_REFS("Parcel %p releasing reference on local %p", who, obj.cookie);
reinterpret_cast<IBinder*>(obj.cookie)->decStrong(who);
}
return;
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER:
if (obj.binder)
reinterpret_cast<RefBase::weakref_type*>(obj.binder)->decWeak(who);
return;
case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE: {
const sp<IBinder> b = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(obj.handle);
if (b != NULL) {
LOG_REFS("Parcel %p releasing reference on remote %p", who, b.get());
b->decStrong(who);
}
return;
}
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE: {
const wp<IBinder> b = proc->getWeakProxyForHandle(obj.handle);
if (b != NULL) b.get_refs()->decWeak(who);
return;
}
case BINDER_TYPE_FD: {
if (obj.cookie != 0) { // owned
if ((outAshmemSize != NULL) && ashmem_valid(obj.handle)) {
int size = ashmem_get_size_region(obj.handle);
if (size > 0) {
*outAshmemSize -= size;
}
}
close(obj.handle);
}
return;
}
}
ALOGE("Invalid object type 0x%08x", obj.hdr.type);
}
根据flat_binder_object的类型，来减少相应的强弱引用。
3.4.5 ~Parcel
[->Parcel.cpp]
Parcel::~Parcel()
{
freeDataNoInit();
LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: destroyed", this);
}
void Parcel::freeDataNoInit()
{
if (mOwner) {
LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: freeing other owner data", this);
//ALOGI("Freeing data ref of %p (pid=%d)", this, getpid());
mOwner(this, mData, mDataSize, mObjects, mObjectsSize, mOwnerCookie);
} else {
...
}
}
执行完executeCommand方法后，会释放局部变量Parcelbuffer，则会析构Parcel。接下来，则会执行freeBuffer方法
3.4.6 freeBuffer
[->IPCThreadState.cpp]
void IPCThreadState::freeBuffer(Parcel* parcel, const uint8_t* data,
size_t /*dataSize*/,
const binder_size_t* /*objects*/,
size_t /*objectsSize*/, void* /*cookie*/)
{
//ALOGI("Freeing parcel %p", &parcel);
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Writing BC_FREE_BUFFER for " << data << endl;
}
ALOG_ASSERT(data != NULL, "Called with NULL data");
if (parcel != NULL) parcel->closeFileDescriptors();
IPCThreadState* state = self();
state->mOut.writeInt32(BC_FREE_BUFFER);
state->mOut.writePointer((uintptr_t)data);
}
向binder驱动写入BC_FREE_BUFFER命令。
3.5 BBbinder.transact
[->binder/Binder.cpp]
status_t BBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
data.setDataPosition(0);
status_t err = NO_ERROR;
switch (code) {
case PING_TRANSACTION:
reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());
break;
default:
//见3.5.1节
err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
break;
}
if (reply != NULL) {
reply->setDataPosition(0);
}
return err;
}
3.5.1 onTransact
[->android_util_Binder.cpp]
status_t onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0) override
{
JNIEnv* env = javavm_to_jnienv(mVM);
ALOGV("onTransact() on %p calling object %p in env %p vm %p/n", this, mObject, env, mVM);
IPCThreadState* thread_state = IPCThreadState::self();
const int32_t strict_policy_before = thread_state->getStrictModePolicy();
//printf("Transact from %p to Java code sending: ", this);
//data.print();
//printf("/n");
//调用Binder.execTransact方法
jboolean res = env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact,
code, reinterpret_cast<jlong>(&data), reinterpret_cast<jlong>(reply), flags);
if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
//发生异常，清理JNI本地引用
ScopedLocalRef<jthrowable> excep(env, env->ExceptionOccurred());
report_exception(env, excep.get(),
"*** Uncaught remote exception! "
"(Exceptions are not yet supported across processes.)");
res = JNI_FALSE;
}
// Check if the strict mode state changed while processing the
// call. The Binder state will be restored by the underlying
// Binder system in IPCThreadState, however we need to take care
// of the parallel Java state as well.
if (thread_state->getStrictModePolicy() != strict_policy_before) {
set_dalvik_blockguard_policy(env, strict_policy_before);
}
if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
//发生异常，清理JNI本地引用
ScopedLocalRef<jthrowable> excep(env, env->ExceptionOccurred());
report_exception(env, excep.get(),
"*** Uncaught exception in onBinderStrictModePolicyChange");
}
// Need to always call through the native implementation of
// SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION.
if (code == SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION) {
BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
//aout << "onTransact to Java code; result=" << res << endl
// << "Transact from " << this << " to Java code returning "
// << reply << ": " << *reply << endl;
return res != JNI_FALSE ? NO_ERROR : UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
}
mObject是在服务注册addService过程中，会调用WriteStrongBinder方法，将Binder传入JavaBBinder构造函数的参数，最终赋值给mObject。
gBinderOffsets在int_register_android_os_Binder函数中进行的初始化。
这样通过JNI的方式，从C++回到Java代码，进入IActivityManager.execTransact方法。
[->android_util_Binder.cpp]
static int int_register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env)
{
jclass clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderPathName);
gBinderOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "execTransact", "(IJJI)Z");
gBinderOffsets.mGetInterfaceDescriptor = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "getInterfaceDescriptor",
"()Ljava/lang/String;");
gBinderOffsets.mObject = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mObject", "J");
return RegisterMethodsOrDie(
env, kBinderPathName,
gBinderMethods, NELEM(gBinderMethods));
}
3.5.2 execTransact
[->Binder.java]
// Entry point from android_util_Binder.cpp's onTransact
@UnsupportedAppUsage
private boolean execTransact(int code, long dataObj, long replyObj,
int flags) {
BinderCallsStats binderCallsStats = BinderCallsStats.getInstance();
BinderCallsStats.CallSession callSession = binderCallsStats.callStarted(this, code);
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(dataObj);
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(replyObj);
// theoretically, we should call transact, which will call onTransact,
// but all that does is rewind it, and we just got these from an IPC,
// so we'll just call it directly.
boolean res;
// Log any exceptions as warnings, don't silently suppress them.
// If the call was FLAG_ONEWAY then these exceptions disappear into the ether.
final boolean tracingEnabled = Binder.isTracingEnabled();
try {
if (tracingEnabled) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ALWAYS, getClass().getName() + ":" + code);
}
//调用子类IActivityManager的execTransact方法
res = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
} catch (RemoteException|RuntimeException e) {
if (LOG_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION) {
Log.w(TAG, "Caught a RuntimeException from the binder stub implementation.", e);
}
if ((flags & FLAG_ONEWAY) != 0) {
if (e instanceof RemoteException) {
Log.w(TAG, "Binder call failed.", e);
} else {
Log.w(TAG, "Caught a RuntimeException from the binder stub implementation.", e);
}
} else {
//非oneway方式，则会将异常写回reply
reply.setDataPosition(0);
reply.writeException(e);
}
res = true;
} finally {
if (tracingEnabled) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ALWAYS);
}
}
checkParcel(this, code, reply, "Unreasonably large binder reply buffer");
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
// Just in case -- we are done with the IPC, so there should be no more strict
// mode violations that have gathered for this thread. Either they have been
// parceled and are now in transport off to the caller, or we are returning back
// to the main transaction loop to wait for another incoming transaction. Either
// way, strict mode begone!
StrictMode.clearGatheredViolations();
binderCallsStats.callEnded(callSession);
return res;
}
3.6 IActivityManager.onTransact
[->IActivityManager.java]
public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements android.app.IActivityManager {
...
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
String descriptor = DESCRIPTOR;
switch (code) {
...
//在2.2.5小节传过来的command
case TRANSACTION_bindService: {
return this.onTransact$bindService$(data, reply);
}
...
}
}
}
3.7 onTransact b i n d S e r v i c e bindService bindService
[->IActivityManager.java]
private boolean onTransact$bindService$(android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply) throws android.os.RemoteException {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
android.app.IApplicationThread _arg0;
//获取ApplicationThread的代理对象
_arg0 = android.app.IApplicationThread.Stub.asInterface(data.readStrongBinder());
android.os.IBinder _arg1;
_arg1 = data.readStrongBinder();
android.content.Intent _arg2;
if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
_arg2 = android.content.Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
} else {
_arg2 = null;
}
String _arg3;
_arg3 = data.readString();
android.app.IServiceConnection _arg4;
//获取InnerConnection的代理对象
_arg4 = android.app.IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(data.readStrongBinder());
int _arg5;
_arg5 = data.readInt();
String _arg6;
_arg6 = data.readString();
int _arg7;
_arg7 = data.readInt();
//见3.3节，调用AMS.bindService
int _result = this.bindService(_arg0, _arg1, _arg2, _arg3, _arg4, _arg5, _arg6, _arg7);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(_result);
return true;
}
IPC::waitForResponse对于非oneway方式，还在等待system_server这边的响应，只有收到BR_REPLY或者BR_DEAD_REPLY等其他出错的情况下，才会退出waitForResponse。
当bindService完成后，还需要将bindservice完成的回应消息告诉发起端的进程。在3.4节中IPC.executeCommand过程中处理完成BR_TRANSACTION命令的同时，还会通过 sendReply(reply, 0);向Binder Driver发送BC_RELY消息。这里Rely流程不再详细介绍，还是和进入之前相应的流程类似。
3.8 AMS.bindService
[->ActivityManagerService.java]
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage,
int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("bindService");
// Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
if (service != null && service.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
}
if (callingPackage == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("callingPackage cannot be null");
}
synchronized(this) {
//见3.9节
return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,
resolvedType, connection, flags, callingPackage, userId);
}
}
3.9 AS.bindServiceLocked
[->ActiveServices.java]
int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
String resolvedType, final IServiceConnection connection, int flags,
String callingPackage, final int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "bindService: " + service
+ " type=" + resolvedType + " conn=" + connection.asBinder()
+ " flags=0x" + Integer.toHexString(flags));
//查询发起端所对应的进程记录
final ProcessRecord callerApp = mAm.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
if (callerApp == null) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Unable to find app for caller " + caller
+ " (pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid()
+ ") when binding service " + service);
}
ActivityRecord activity = null;
//token不为空，代表发起方具有activity的上下文
if (token != null) {
activity = ActivityRecord.isInStackLocked(token);
if (activity == null) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Binding with unknown activity: " + token);
return 0; //存在token,却找不到activity为空，则直接返回
}
}
int clientLabel = 0;
PendingIntent clientIntent = null;
final boolean isCallerSystem = callerApp.info.uid == Process.SYSTEM_UID;
//发起端是system进程
if (isCallerSystem) {
// Hacky kind of thing -- allow system stuff to tell us
// what they are, so we can report this elsewhere for
// others to know why certain services are running.
service.setDefusable(true);
clientIntent = service.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CLIENT_INTENT);
if (clientIntent != null) {
clientLabel = service.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CLIENT_LABEL, 0);
if (clientLabel != 0) {
// There are no useful extras in the intent, trash them.
// System code calling with this stuff just needs to know
// this will happen.
service = service.cloneFilter();
}
}
}
if ((flags&Context.BIND_TREAT_LIKE_ACTIVITY) != 0) {
mAm.enforceCallingPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ACTIVITY_STACKS,
"BIND_TREAT_LIKE_ACTIVITY");
}
//不在白名单则抛出异常
if ((flags & Context.BIND_ALLOW_WHITELIST_MANAGEMENT) != 0 && !isCallerSystem) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Non-system caller " + caller + " (pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid()
+ ") set BIND_ALLOW_WHITELIST_MANAGEMENT when binding service " + service);
}
if ((flags & Context.BIND_ALLOW_INSTANT) != 0 && !isCallerSystem) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Non-system caller " + caller + " (pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid()
+ ") set BIND_ALLOW_INSTANT when binding service " + service);
}
//根据发送端所在进程的SchedGroup来决定是否为前台服务
final boolean callerFg = callerApp.setSchedGroup != ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
final boolean isBindExternal = (flags & Context.BIND_EXTERNAL_SERVICE) != 0;
final boolean allowInstant = (flags & Context.BIND_ALLOW_INSTANT) != 0;
//根据用户端传递进来的intent来检索对应的服务
ServiceLookupResult res =
retrieveServiceLocked(service, resolvedType, callingPackage, Binder.getCallingPid(),
Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, true, callerFg, isBindExternal, allowInstant);
if (res == null) {
return 0;
}
if (res.record == null) {
return -1;
}
//查询到相应的服务
ServiceRecord s = res.record;
boolean permissionsReviewRequired = false;
// If permissions need a review before any of the app components can run,
// we schedule binding to the service but do not start its process, then
// we launch a review activity to which is passed a callback to invoke
// when done to start the bound service's process to completing the binding.
//如果需要权限，启动activity通过callback启动服务进程
if (mAm.mPermissionReviewRequired) {
if (mAm.getPackageManagerInternalLocked().isPermissionsReviewRequired(
s.packageName, s.userId)) {
permissionsReviewRequired = true;
// Show a permission review UI only for binding from a foreground app
if (!callerFg) {
Slog.w(TAG, "u" + s.userId + " Binding to a service in package"
+ s.packageName + " requires a permissions review");
return 0;
}
final ServiceRecord serviceRecord = s;
final Intent serviceIntent = service;
RemoteCallback callback = new RemoteCallback(
new RemoteCallback.OnResultListener() {
@Override
public void onResult(Bundle result) {
synchronized(mAm) {
final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
if (!mPendingServices.contains(serviceRecord)) {
return;
}
// If there is still a pending record, then the service
// binding request is still valid, so hook them up. We
// proceed only if the caller cleared the review requirement
// otherwise we unbind because the user didn't approve.
if (!mAm.getPackageManagerInternalLocked()
.isPermissionsReviewRequired(
serviceRecord.packageName,
serviceRecord.userId)) {
try {
bringUpServiceLocked(serviceRecord,
serviceIntent.getFlags(),
callerFg, false, false);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
/* ignore - local call */
}
} else {
unbindServiceLocked(connection);
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
}
}
}
});
final Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_REVIEW_PERMISSIONS);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
| Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PACKAGE_NAME, s.packageName);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REMOTE_CALLBACK, callback);
if (DEBUG_PERMISSIONS_REVIEW) {
Slog.i(TAG, "u" + s.userId + " Launching permission review for package "
+ s.packageName);
}
mAm.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//启动activity
mAm.mContext.startActivityAsUser(intent, new UserHandle(userId));
}
});
}
}
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
if (unscheduleServiceRestartLocked(s, callerApp.info.uid, false)) {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "BIND SERVICE WHILE RESTART PENDING: "
+ s);
}
if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
if (!s.hasAutoCreateConnections()) {
// This is the first binding, let the tracker know.
ServiceState stracker = s.getTracker();
if (stracker != null) {
stracker.setBound(true, mAm.mProcessStats.getMemFactorLocked(),
s.lastActivity);
}
}
}
mAm.startAssociationLocked(callerApp.uid, callerApp.processName, callerApp.curProcState,
s.appInfo.uid, s.name, s.processName);
// Once the apps have become associated, if one of them is caller is ephemeral
// the target app should now be able to see the calling app
mAm.grantEphemeralAccessLocked(callerApp.userId, service,
s.appInfo.uid, UserHandle.getAppId(callerApp.uid));
AppBindRecord b = s.retrieveAppBindingLocked(service, callerApp);
//创建对象ConnectionRecord，此处connection来自发起方
ConnectionRecord c = new ConnectionRecord(b, activity,
connection, flags, clientLabel, clientIntent);
IBinder binder = connection.asBinder();
ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = s.connections.get(binder);
if (clist == null) {
clist = new ArrayList<ConnectionRecord>();
s.connections.put(binder, clist);
}
//clist是ServiceRecord.connection的成员变量
clist.add(c);
b.connections.add(c);//b是指AppBindRecord
if (activity != null) {
if (activity.connections == null) {
activity.connections = new HashSet<ConnectionRecord>();
}
activity.connections.add(c);
}
b.client.connections.add(c);
if ((c.flags&Context.BIND_ABOVE_CLIENT) != 0) {
b.client.hasAboveClient = true;
}
if ((c.flags&Context.BIND_ALLOW_WHITELIST_MANAGEMENT) != 0) {
s.whitelistManager = true;
}
if (s.app != null) {
updateServiceClientActivitiesLocked(s.app, c, true);
}
clist = mServiceConnections.get(binder);
if (clist == null) {
clist = new ArrayList<ConnectionRecord>();
mServiceConnections.put(binder, clist);
}
clist.add(c);
if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
//启动service，这个过程和startService过程一致，见3.10节
if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false,
permissionsReviewRequired) != null) {
return 0;
}
}
if (s.app != null) {
if ((flags&Context.BIND_TREAT_LIKE_ACTIVITY) != 0) {
s.app.treatLikeActivity = true;
}
if (s.whitelistManager) {
s.app.whitelistManager = true;
}
// This could have made the service more important.
//更新service所在进程的优先级
mAm.updateLruProcessLocked(s.app, s.app.hasClientActivities
|| s.app.treatLikeActivity, b.client);
mAm.updateOomAdjLocked(s.app, true);
}
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Bind " + s + " with " + b
+ ": received=" + b.intent.received
+ " apps=" + b.intent.apps.size()
+ " doRebind=" + b.intent.doRebind);
if (s.app != null && b.intent.received) {
// Service is already running, so we can immediately
// publish the connection.
try {
//service已经正在运行，则调用InnerConnection的代理对象，见7.1小节
c.conn.connected(s.name, b.intent.binder, false);
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Failure sending service " + s.shortName
+ " to connection " + c.conn.asBinder()
+ " (in " + c.binding.client.processName + ")", e);
}
// If this is the first app connected back to this binding,
// and the service had previously asked to be told when
// rebound, then do so.
//当第一个app连接到该binding，且之前已经被bind过，则回调onRebind方法
if (b.intent.apps.size() == 1 && b.intent.doRebind) {
requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, callerFg, true);
}
} else if (!b.intent.requested) {
//最终回调onBind方法
requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, callerFg, false);
}
getServiceMapLocked(s.userId).ensureNotStartingBackgroundLocked(s);
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
return 1;
}
3.10 AS.bringUpServiceLocked
[->ActiveServices.java]
private String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean execInFg,
boolean whileRestarting, boolean permissionsReviewRequired)
throws TransactionTooLargeException {
//Slog.i(TAG, "Bring up service:");
//r.dump(" ");
//进程已经存在的情况
if (r.app != null && r.app.thread != null) {
//调用onStartCommand过程
sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, false);
return null;
}
if (!whileRestarting && mRestartingServices.contains(r)) {
// If waiting for a restart, then do nothing.
return null;
}
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) {
Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Bringing up " + r + " " + r.intent + " fg=" + r.fgRequired);
}
// We are now bringing the service up, so no longer in the
// restarting state.
if (mRestartingServices.remove(r)) {
clearRestartingIfNeededLocked(r);
}
// Make sure this service is no longer considered delayed, we are starting it now.
if (r.delayed) {
if (DEBUG_DELAYED_STARTS) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "REM FR DELAY LIST (bring up): " + r);
getServiceMapLocked(r.userId).mDelayedStartList.remove(r);
r.delayed = false;
}
// Make sure that the user who owns this service is started. If not,
// we don't want to allow it to run.
if (!mAm.mUserController.hasStartedUserState(r.userId)) {
String msg = "Unable to launch app "
+ r.appInfo.packageName + "/"
+ r.appInfo.uid + " for service "
+ r.intent.getIntent() + ": user " + r.userId + " is stopped";
Slog.w(TAG, msg);
bringDownServiceLocked(r);
return msg;
}
// Service is now being launched, its package can't be stopped.
//服务正在启动，设置package停止状态为false
try {
AppGlobals.getPackageManager().setPackageStoppedState(
r.packageName, false, r.userId);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Failed trying to unstop package "
+ r.packageName + ": " + e);
}
final boolean isolated = (r.serviceInfo.flags&ServiceInfo.FLAG_ISOLATED_PROCESS) != 0;
final String procName = r.processName;
String hostingType = "service";
ProcessRecord app;
if (!isolated) {
app = mAm.getProcessRecordLocked(procName, r.appInfo.uid, false);
if (DEBUG_MU) Slog.v(TAG_MU, "bringUpServiceLocked: appInfo.uid=" + r.appInfo.uid
+ " app=" + app);
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName, r.appInfo.longVersionCode, mAm.mProcessStats);
//启动服务，见3.11节
realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg);
return null;
} catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) {
throw e;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting service " + r.shortName, e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
}
} else {
// If this service runs in an isolated process, then each time
// we call startProcessLocked() we will get a new isolated
// process, starting another process if we are currently waiting
// for a previous process to come up. To deal with this, we store
// in the service any current isolated process it is running in or
// waiting to have come up.
app = r.isolatedProc;
if (WebViewZygote.isMultiprocessEnabled()
&& r.serviceInfo.packageName.equals(WebViewZygote.getPackageName())) {
hostingType = "webview_service";
}
}
// Not running -- get it started, and enqueue this service record
// to be executed when the app comes up.
//对于进程没有启动的情况
if (app == null && !permissionsReviewRequired) {
//启动service所要运行的进程，最终会调用3.11小节
if ((app=mAm.startProcessLocked(procName, r.appInfo, true, intentFlags,
hostingType, r.name, false, isolated, false)) == null) {
String msg = "Unable to launch app "
+ r.appInfo.packageName + "/"
+ r.appInfo.uid + " for service "
+ r.intent.getIntent() + ": process is bad";
Slog.w(TAG, msg);
bringDownServiceLocked(r);
return msg;
}
if (isolated) {
r.isolatedProc = app;
}
}
if (r.fgRequired) {
if (DEBUG_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
Slog.v(TAG, "Whitelisting " + UserHandle.formatUid(r.appInfo.uid)
+ " for fg-service launch");
}
mAm.tempWhitelistUidLocked(r.appInfo.uid,
SERVICE_START_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT, "fg-service-launch");
}
if (!mPendingServices.contains(r)) {
mPendingServices.add(r);
}
if (r.delayedStop) {
// Oh and hey we've already been asked to stop!
// 要求停止服务
r.delayedStop = false;
if (r.startRequested) {
if (DEBUG_DELAYED_STARTS) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE,
"Applying delayed stop (in bring up): " + r);
stopServiceLocked(r);
}
}
return null;
}
3.11 AS.realStartServiceLocked
[->ActiveServices.java]
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
if (app.thread == null) {
throw new RemoteException();
}
if (DEBUG_MU)
Slog.v(TAG_MU, "realStartServiceLocked, ServiceRecord.uid = " + r.appInfo.uid
+ ", ProcessRecord.uid = " + app.uid);
r.app = app;
r.restartTime = r.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final boolean newService = app.services.add(r);
bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "create");
mAm.updateLruProcessLocked(app, false, null);
updateServiceForegroundLocked(r.app, /* oomAdj= */ false);
mAm.updateOomAdjLocked();
boolean created = false;
try {
if (LOG_SERVICE_START_STOP) {
String nameTerm;
int lastPeriod = r.shortName.lastIndexOf('.');
nameTerm = lastPeriod >= 0 ? r.shortName.substring(lastPeriod) : r.shortName;
EventLogTags.writeAmCreateService(
r.userId, System.identityHashCode(r), nameTerm, r.app.uid, r.app.pid);
}
synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {
r.stats.startLaunchedLocked();
}
mAm.notifyPackageUse(r.serviceInfo.packageName,
PackageManager.NOTIFY_PACKAGE_USE_SERVICE);
app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
//服务进入onCreate方法，见流程4.1小节
app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
app.repProcState);
r.postNotification();
created = true;
} catch (DeadObjectException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Application dead when creating service " + r);
mAm.appDiedLocked(app); //应用死亡
throw e;
} finally {
if (!created) {
// Keep the executeNesting count accurate.
final boolean inDestroying = mDestroyingServices.contains(r);
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, inDestroying, inDestroying);
// Cleanup.
if (newService) {
app.services.remove(r);
r.app = null;
}
// Retry.
//尝试重新启动服务
if (!inDestroying) {
scheduleServiceRestartLocked(r, false);
}
}
}
if (r.whitelistManager) {
app.whitelistManager = true;
}
//见流程5.1小节
requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg);
updateServiceClientActivitiesLocked(app, null, true);
// If the service is in the started state, and there are no
// pending arguments, then fake up one so its onStartCommand() will
// be called.
if (r.startRequested && r.callStart && r.pendingStarts.size() == 0) {
r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),
null, null, 0));
}
//onStartCommand
sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true);
if (r.delayed) {
if (DEBUG_DELAYED_STARTS) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "REM FR DELAY LIST (new proc): " + r);
getServiceMapLocked(r.userId).mDelayedStartList.remove(r);
r.delayed = false;
}
if (r.delayedStop) {
// Oh and hey we've already been asked to stop!
r.delayedStop = false;
if (r.startRequested) {
if (DEBUG_DELAYED_STARTS) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE,
"Applying delayed stop (from start): " + r);
stopServiceLocked(r);
}
}
}
四、服务端进程
4.1 AT.scheduleCreateService
[->ActivityThread.java]
public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token,
ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
//准备服务创建所需要的数据
CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData();
s.token = token;
s.info = info;
s.compatInfo = compatInfo;
sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);
}
通过handler机制，发送消息给服务端进程的主线程的handler处理。
4.2 AT.handleMessage
[->ActivityThread.java]
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case CREATE_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, ("serviceCreate: " + String.valueOf(msg.obj)));
//见4.3小节
handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
....
}
}
4.3 AT.handleCreateService
[->ActivityThread.java]
private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {
// If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
// we are back active so skip it.
//当应用处于后台即将进行gc,而此时被调回到活动，则此时跳过本次gc
unscheduleGcIdler();
LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo);
Service service = null;
try {
//通过反射创建目标服务对象
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();
service = packageInfo.getAppFactory()
.instantiateService(cl, data.info.name, data.intent);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate service " + data.info.name
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
try {
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Creating service " + data.info.name);
//创建ContextImpl对象
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
context.setOuterContext(service);
//创建Application对象
Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,
ActivityManager.getService());
//调用服务的onCreate方法
service.onCreate();
mServices.put(data.token, service);
try {
//调用服务创建完成
ActivityManager.getService().serviceDoneExecuting(
data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to create service " + data.info.name
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
前面3.11中realStartServiceLocked过程，执行完成scheduleCreateService操作后，接下来，继续回到system_server进程，开始执行requestServiceBindingsLocked过程。
五、system_server进程
5.1 AS.requestServiceBindingsLocked
[->ActiveServices.java]
private final void requestServiceBindingsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg)
throws TransactionTooLargeException {
for (int i=r.bindings.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
IntentBindRecord ibr = r.bindings.valueAt(i);
if (!requestServiceBindingLocked(r, ibr, execInFg, false)) {
break;
}
}
}
通过bindService方式启动服务，那么ServiceRecord的bindings肯定不会为空。
5.2 AS.requestServiceBindingLocked
[->ActiveServices.java]
private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i,
boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
if (r.app == null || r.app.thread == null) {
// If service is not currently running, can't yet bind.
return false;
}
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.d(TAG_SERVICE, "requestBind " + i + ": requested=" + i.requested
+ " rebind=" + rebind);
if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {
try {
//发送bind开始的消息
bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "bind");
r.app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
//服务进入onBind流程，见流程6.1小节
r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,
r.app.repProcState);
if (!rebind) {
i.requested = true;
}
i.hasBound = true;
i.doRebind = false;
} catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) {
// Keep the executeNesting count accurate.
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Crashed while binding " + r, e);
final boolean inDestroying = mDestroyingServices.contains(r);
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, inDestroying, inDestroying);
throw e;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Crashed while binding " + r);
// Keep the executeNesting count accurate.
final boolean inDestroying = mDestroyingServices.contains(r);
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, inDestroying, inDestroying);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
scheduleBindService通过Binder代理的方式，调用AT的scheduleBindService，其代理对象由IApplicationThread.aidl生成和AMS类似。
六、服务端进程
6.1 AT.scheduleBindService
[->ActivityThread.java]
public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,
boolean rebind, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();
s.token = token;
s.intent = intent;
s.rebind = rebind;
if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="
+ Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s);
}
发送消息到服务端进程的主线程处理。
6.2 AT.handleMessage
[->ActivityThread.java]
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
...
case BIND_SERVICE:
//见6.3小节
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
...
}
}
6.3 AT.handleBindService
[->ActivityThread.java]
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
Slog.v(TAG, "handleBindService s=" + s + " rebind=" + data.rebind);
if (s != null) {
try {
data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
try {
if (!data.rebind) {
//执行onBind回调方法
IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
//将onBind回来的对象传递回去，见流程6.4小节
ActivityManager.getService().publishService(
data.token, data.intent, binder);
} else {
//执行onRebind方法
s.onRebind(data.intent);
ActivityManager.getService().serviceDoneExecuting(
data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(s, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to bind to service " + s
+ " with " + data.intent + ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
}
经过Binder IPC进入到system_server进程，并将binder传回到system_server进程。
七、system_server进程
7.1 AMS.publishService
[->ActivityManagerService.java]
public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
// Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
if (intent != null && intent.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
}
synchronized(this) {
if (!(token instanceof ServiceRecord)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid service token");
}
mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
}
}
服务端的onBind返回的binder对象，在经过writeStrongBinder传递到底层，再回到system_server进程，经过readStrongBinder获取代理对象。
7.2 AMS.publishServiceLocked
[->ActiveServices.java]
void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "PUBLISHING " + r
+ " " + intent + ": " + service);
if (r != null) {
Intent.FilterComparison filter
= new Intent.FilterComparison(intent);
IntentBindRecord b = r.bindings.get(filter);
if (b != null && !b.received) {
b.binder = service;
b.requested = true;
b.received = true;
for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);
for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
ConnectionRecord c = clist.get(i);
if (!filter.equals(c.binding.intent.intent)) {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
TAG_SERVICE, "Not publishing to: " + c);
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
TAG_SERVICE, "Bound intent: " + c.binding.intent.intent);
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
TAG_SERVICE, "Published intent: " + intent);
continue;
}
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Publishing to: " + c);
try {
//见流程8.1
c.conn.connected(r.name, service, false);
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Failure sending service " + r.name +
" to connection " + c.conn.asBinder() +
" (in " + c.binding.client.processName + ")", e);
}
}
}
}
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, mDestroyingServices.contains(r), false);
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}
c.conn是指客户端进程的IServiceConnection.Stub.Proxy代理对象，通过BinderIPC调用，进入客户端的IServiceConnection.Stub对象，回到客户端进程中的InnerConnection对象。
八、客户端进程
8.1 InnerConnection.connected
[->LoadedApk.java]
private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
@UnsupportedAppUsage
final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
}
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead)
throws RemoteException {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
if (sd != null) {
//见流程8.2
sd.connected(name, service, dead);
}
}
}
8.2 SD.connected
[->LoadedApk.java]
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead) {
if (mActivityThread != null) {
//这里是主线程的handler
mActivityThread.post(new RunConnection(name, service, 0, dead));
} else {
doConnected(name, service, dead);
}
}
8.3 new RunConnection
[->LoadedApk.java]
private final class RunConnection implements Runnable {
RunConnection(ComponentName name, IBinder service, int command, boolean dead) {
mName = name;
mService = service;
mCommand = command; //此时为0
mDead = dead;
}
public void run() {
if (mCommand == 0) {
//见流程8.4小节
doConnected(mName, mService, mDead);
} else if (mCommand == 1) {
doDeath(mName, mService);
}
}
final ComponentName mName;
final IBinder mService; //onBinder返回的代理对象
final int mCommand;
final boolean mDead;
}
8.4 doConnected
[->LoadedApk.java]
public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead) {
ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo old;
ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo info;
synchronized (this) {
if (mForgotten) {
// We unbound before receiving the connection; ignore
// any connection received.
return;
}
old = mActiveConnections.get(name);
if (old != null && old.binder == service) {
// Huh, already have this one. Oh well!
return;
}
if (service != null) {
// A new service is being connected... set it all up.
info = new ConnectionInfo();
info.binder = service;
//创建死亡监听对象
info.deathMonitor = new DeathMonitor(name, service);
try {
//建立死亡通知
service.linkToDeath(info.deathMonitor, 0);
mActiveConnections.put(name, info);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// This service was dead before we got it... just
// don't do anything with it.
mActiveConnections.remove(name);
return;
}
} else {
// The named service is being disconnected... clean up.
mActiveConnections.remove(name);
}
if (old != null) {
old.binder.unlinkToDeath(old.deathMonitor, 0);
}
}
// If there was an old service, it is now disconnected.
if (old != null) {
mConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);
}
if (dead) {
mConnection.onBindingDied(name);
}
// If there is a new viable service, it is now connected.
if (service != null) {
//回调用户自定义的ServiceConnected对象方法
mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);
} else {
// The binding machinery worked, but the remote returned null from onBind().
mConnection.onNullBinding(name);
}
}
九、总结
9.1 通信流程
1.发起端线程向Binder驱动发起binder_ioctl请求后，waitForResponse进入while循环，不断进行talkWithDriver,此时该线程处理阻塞状态，直到收到BR_XX命令才会结束该过程。
- BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: oneway模式下,收到该命令则退出；
- BR_DEAD_REPLY: 目标进程/线程/binder实体为空, 以及释放正在等待reply的binder thread或者binder buffer;
- BR_FAILED_REPLY: 情况较多,比如非法handle, 错误事务栈, security, 内存不足, buffer不足, 数据拷贝失败, 节点创建失败, 各种不匹配等问题；
- BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT: 目前未使用的协议;
- BR_REPLY: 非oneway模式下,收到该命令才退出;
2.waitForResponse收到BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE，则直接退出循环，不会执行executeCommand方法，除上述五种BR_XXX命令，当收到其他BR命令，则会执行executeCommand方法。
3.目标Binder线程创建之后，便进入joinThreadPool方法，不断循环执行getAndExecuteCommand方法，当bwr的读写buffer没有数据时，则阻塞在binder_thread_read的wait_event过程。正常情况下binder线程一旦创建就不会退出。
9.2 通信协议
1.Binder客户端和服务端向Binder驱动发送的命令都是以BC_开头，Binder驱动向服务端或客户端发送的命令都是以 BR _开头；
2.只有当BC_TRANSACTION或BC_REPLY时，才会调用binder_transaction来处理事务，并且都会回应调用者BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE，经过binder_thread_read转变成BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE；
3.bindServie是一个非oneway过程，oneway过程没有BC_REPLY。
9.3 数据流
用户空间（下面一些方法在addservice篇中介绍）
1.bindService：组装flat_binder_object等对象组成Parcel data;
2.IPC.writeTransactionData：组装BC_TRANSACTION和binder_transaction_data结构体，写入mOut;
3.IPC.talkWithDriver：组装BINDER_WRITE_READ和binder_writer_read结构体，通过ioctl传输到驱动层。
进入驱动后
4.binder_thread_write:处理binder_write_read.write_buffer数据
5.binder_transaction:处理write_buffer.binder_transaction_data数据
- 创建binder_transaction结构体，记录事务通信的线程来源以及事务链条等相关信息；
- 分配binder_buffer结构体，拷贝当前线程binder_transaction_data的data数据到binder_buffer->data;
6.binder_thread_read:处理binder_transaction结构体数据
- 组装cmd= BR_TRANSACTION和binder_transaction_data结构体，写入binder_write_read.read_buffer数据。
回到用户空间
7.IPC.executeCommand:处理BR_TRANSACIOTN命令，将binder_transaction_data数据解析成BBinder.transact所需的参数
8.onTransact:层层回调，进入该方法，反序列化数据后，调用bindService方法。
附录
源码路径
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManager.java
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Binder.java
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/BinderProxy.java
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Binder.java
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp
native/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
native/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
native/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
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