默默学Sharding-Sphere(三)

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-27 11:30:02 发布

默默草

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-27 11:30:02 发布

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分类专栏： Java 微服务 Sharding-JDBC Sharding-Sphere 文章标签： sharding-sphere sharding-jdbc 分布式数据数据分片

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/caohao1210/article/details/85109051

版权

接上篇，使用文档。

使用文档

数据分片

不使用Spring

引入Maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

基于Java编码的规则配置

Sharding-JDBC的分库分表通过规则配置描述，以下例子是根据user_id取模分库, 且根据order_id取模分表的两库两表的配置。

// 配置真实数据源
Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();

// 配置第一个数据源
BasicDataSource dataSource1 = new BasicDataSource();
dataSource1.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource1.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds0");
dataSource1.setUsername("root");
dataSource1.setPassword("");
dataSourceMap.put("ds0", dataSource1);

// 配置第二个数据源
BasicDataSource dataSource2 = new BasicDataSource();
dataSource2.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource2.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds1");
dataSource2.setUsername("root");
dataSource2.setPassword("");
dataSourceMap.put("ds1", dataSource2);

// 配置Order表规则
TableRuleConfiguration orderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration();
orderTableRuleConfig.setLogicTable("t_order");
orderTableRuleConfig.setActualDataNodes("ds${0..1}.t_order${0..1}");

// 配置分库 + 分表策略
orderTableRuleConfig.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "ds${user_id % 2}"));
orderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "t_order${order_id % 2}"));

// 配置分片规则
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(orderTableRuleConfig);

// 省略配置order_item表规则...
// ...

// 获取数据源对象
DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig, new ConcurrentHashMap(), new Properties());

基于Yaml的规则配置

或通过Yaml方式配置，与以上配置等价：

dataSources:
  ds0: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds0
    username: root
    password: 
  ds1: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds1
    username: root
    password: 

tables:
  t_order: 
    actualDataNodes: ds${0..1}.t_order${0..1}
    databaseStrategy: 
      inline:
        shardingColumn: user_id
        algorithmInlineExpression: ds${user_id % 2}
    tableStrategy: 
      inline:
        shardingColumn: order_id
        algorithmInlineExpression: t_order${order_id % 2}
  t_order_item: 
    actualDataNodes: ds${0..1}.t_order_item${0..1}
    databaseStrategy: 
      inline:
        shardingColumn: user_id
        algorithmInlineExpression: ds${user_id % 2}
    tableStrategy: 
      inline:
        shardingColumn: order_id
        algorithmInlineExpression: t_order_item${order_id % 2}

    DataSource dataSource = YamlShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(yamlFile);

使用原生JDBC

通过ShardingDataSourceFactory或者YamlShardingDataSourceFactory工厂和规则配置对象获取ShardingDataSource，ShardingDataSource实现自JDBC的标准接口DataSource。然后可通过DataSource选择使用原生JDBC开发，或者使用JPA, MyBatis等ORM工具。以JDBC原生实现为例：

DataSource dataSource = YamlShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(yamlFile);
String sql = "SELECT i.* FROM t_order o JOIN t_order_item i ON o.order_id=i.order_id WHERE o.user_id=? AND o.order_id=?";
try (
        Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
    preparedStatement.setInt(1, 10);
    preparedStatement.setInt(2, 1001);
    try (ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {
        while(rs.next()) {
            System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));
            System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));
        }
    }
}

使用Spring

引入Maven依赖

<!-- for spring boot -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- for spring namespace -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

基于Spring boot的规则配置

sharding.jdbc.datasource.names=ds0,ds1

sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds0.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds0.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds0
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds0.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds0.password=

sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds1.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds1
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds1.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.ds1.password=

sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{user_id % 2}

sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.t-order.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.t_order$->{0..1}
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.t-order.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=order_id
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.t-order.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=t_order$->{order_id % 2}

sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.t-order-item.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.t_order_item$->{0..1}
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.t-order-item.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=order_id
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.t-order-item.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=t_order_item$->{order_id % 2}

基于Spring命名空间的规则配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:sharding="http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingsphere/sharding" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingsphere/sharding 
                        http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingsphere/sharding/sharding.xsd 
                        ">
    <bean id="ds0" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds0" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="ds1" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds1" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    
    <sharding:inline-strategy id="databaseStrategy" sharding-column="user_id" algorithm-expression="ds$->{user_id % 2}" />
    <sharding:inline-strategy id="orderTableStrategy" sharding-column="order_id" algorithm-expression="t_order$->{order_id % 2}" />
    <sharding:inline-strategy id="orderItemTableStrategy" sharding-column="order_id" algorithm-expression="t_order_item$->{order_id % 2}" />
    
    <sharding:data-source id="shardingDataSource">
        <sharding:sharding-rule data-source-names="ds0,ds1">
            <sharding:table-rules>
                <sharding:table-rule logic-table="t_order" actual-data-nodes="ds$->{0..1}.t_order$->{0..1}" database-strategy-ref="databaseStrategy" table-strategy-ref="orderTableStrategy" />
                <sharding:table-rule logic-table="t_order_item" actual-data-nodes="ds$->{0..1}.t_order_item$->{0..1}" database-strategy-ref="databaseStrategy" table-strategy-ref="orderItemTableStrategy" />
            </sharding:table-rules>
        </sharding:sharding-rule>
    </sharding:data-source>
</beans>

在Spring中使用DataSource

直接通过注入的方式即可使用DataSource，或者将DataSource配置在JPA、Hibernate或MyBatis中使用。
@Resource
private DataSource dataSource;

读写分离

不使用Spring

引入Maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

基于Java编码的规则配置

// 配置真实数据源
Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();

// 配置主库
BasicDataSource masterDataSource = new BasicDataSource();
masterDataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
masterDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_master");
masterDataSource.setUsername("root");
masterDataSource.setPassword("");
dataSourceMap.put("ds_master", masterDataSource);

// 配置第一个从库
BasicDataSource slaveDataSource1 = new BasicDataSource();
slaveDataSource1.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
slaveDataSource1.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave0");
slaveDataSource1.setUsername("root");
slaveDataSource1.setPassword("");
dataSourceMap.put("ds_slave0", slaveDataSource1);

// 配置第二个从库
BasicDataSource slaveDataSource2 = new BasicDataSource();
slaveDataSource2.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
slaveDataSource2.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave1");
slaveDataSource2.setUsername("root");
slaveDataSource2.setPassword("");
dataSourceMap.put("ds_slave1", slaveDataSource2);

// 配置读写分离规则
MasterSlaveRuleConfiguration masterSlaveRuleConfig = new MasterSlaveRuleConfiguration("ds_master_slave", "ds_master", Arrays.asList("ds_slave0", "ds_slave1"));

// 获取数据源对象
DataSource dataSource = MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(createDataSourceMap(), masterSlaveRuleConfig, new HashMap<String, Object>(), new Properties());

基于Yaml的规则配置

或通过Yaml方式配置，与以上配置等价：

dataSources:
  ds_master: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_master
    username: root
    password: 
  ds_slave0: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave0
    username: root
    password:
  ds_slave1: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave1
    username: root
    password: 

masterSlaveRule:
  name: ds_ms
  masterDataSourceName: ds_master
  slaveDataSourceNames: [ds_slave0, ds_slave1]
  
  props:
      sql.show: true
    configMap:
      key1: value1

    DataSource dataSource = MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(yamlFile);

使用原生JDBC

通过MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory工厂和规则配置对象获取MasterSlaveDataSource，MasterSlaveDataSource实现自JDBC的标准接口DataSource。然后可通过DataSource选择使用原生JDBC开发，或者使用JPA, MyBatis等ORM工具。以JDBC原生实现为例：

DataSource dataSource = MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(yamlFile);
String sql = "SELECT i.* FROM t_order o JOIN t_order_item i ON o.order_id=i.order_id WHERE o.user_id=? AND o.order_id=?";
try (
        Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
    preparedStatement.setInt(1, 10);
    preparedStatement.setInt(2, 1001);
    try (ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {
        while(rs.next()) {
            System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));
            System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));
        }
    }
}

使用Spring

引入Maven依赖

<!-- for spring boot -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- for spring namespace -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

基于Spring boot的规则配置

sharding.jdbc.datasource.names=master,slave0,slave1

sharding.jdbc.datasource.master.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.master.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.master.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/master
sharding.jdbc.datasource.master.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.master.password=

sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave0.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave0.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/slave0
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave0.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave0.password=

sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave1.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/slave1
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave1.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.slave1.password=

sharding.jdbc.config.masterslave.name=ms
sharding.jdbc.config.masterslave.master-data-source-name=master
sharding.jdbc.config.masterslave.slave-data-source-names=slave0,slave1

sharding.jdbc.config.masterslave.props.sql.show=true

基于Spring命名空间的规则配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:master-slave="http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingsphere/masterslave" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingsphere/masterslave 
                        http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingsphere/masterslave/master-slave.xsd 
                        ">
    <bean id="ds_master" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_master" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="ds_slave0" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave0" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="ds_slave1" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave1" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    
    <master-slave:data-source id="masterSlaveDataSource" master-data-source-name="ds_master" slave-data-source-names="ds_slave0, ds_slave1" >
        <master-slave:props>
                <prop key="sql.show">${sql_show}</prop>
                <prop key="executor.size">10</prop>
                <prop key="foo">bar</prop>
            </master-slave:props>
    </master-slave:data-source>
</beans>

在Spring中使用DataSource

直接通过注入的方式即可使用DataSource，或者将DataSource配置在JPA、Hibernate或MyBatis中使用。
@Resource
private DataSource dataSource;

强制路由

简介

Sharding-Sphere使用ThreadLocal管理分片键值进行Hint强制路由。可以通过编程的方式向HintManager中添加分片条件，该分片条件仅在当前线程内生效。方式主要使用场景：
1.分片字段不存在SQL中、数据库表结构中，而存在于外部业务逻辑。因此，通过Hint实现外部指定分片结果进行数据操作。
2.强制在主库进行某些数据操作。

基于暗示(Hint)的数据分片

配置

使用hint进行强制数据分片，需要使用HintManager搭配分片策略配置共同使用。若DatabaseShardingStrategy配置了Hint分片算法，则可使用HintManager进行分库路由结果的注入。同理，若TableShardingStrategy配置了Hint分片算法，则同样可使用HintManager进行分表路由结果的注入。所以使用Hint之前，需要配置Hint分片算法。
参考代码如下：

shardingRule:
  tables:
   t_order:
        actualDataNodes: demo_ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
        databaseStrategy:
          hint:
            algorithmClassName: io.shardingsphere.userAlgo.HintAlgorithm
        tableStrategy:
          hint:
            algorithmClassName: io.shardingsphere.userAlgo.HintAlgorithm
  defaultDatabaseStrategy:
    inline:
      shardingColumn: user_id
      algorithmExpression: demo_ds_${user_id % 2}
  defaultTableStrategy:
    none:
  defaultKeyGeneratorClassName: io.shardingsphere.core.keygen.DefaultKeyGenerator
  props:
      sql.show: true

实例化

HintManager hintManager = HintManager.getInstance();

添加分片键值

● 使用hintManager.addDatabaseShardingValue来添加数据源分片键值。
● 使用hintManager.addTableShardingValue来添加表分片键值。
分库不分表情况下，强制路由至某一个分库时，可使用hintManager.setDatabaseShardingValue方式添加分片。通过此方式添加分片键值后，将跳过SQL解析和改写阶段，从而提高整体执行效率。

清除分片键值

分片键值保存在ThreadLocal中，所以需要在操作结束时调用hintManager.close()来清除ThreadLocal中的内容。
hintManager实现了AutoCloseable接口，可推荐使用try with resource自动关闭。

完整代码示例

// Sharding database and table with using hintManager.
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM t_order";
        try (HintManager hintManager = HintManager.getInstance();
             Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            hintManager.addDatabaseShardingValue("t_order", 1);
            hintManager.addTableShardingValue("t_order", 2);
            try (ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {
                while (rs.next()) {
                    // ...
                }
            }
        }

// Sharding database without sharding table and routing to only one database with using hintManger.
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM t_order";
        try (HintManager hintManager = HintManager.getInstance();
             Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            hintManager.setDatabaseShardingValue(3);
            try (ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {
                while (rs.next()) {
                    // ...
                }
            }
        }

基于暗示(Hint)的强制主库路由

实例化

与基于暗示(Hint)的数据分片相同。

设置主库路由

● 使用hintManager.setMasterRouteOnly设置主库路由。

清除分片键值

与基于暗示(Hint)的数据分片相同。

完整代码示例

String sql = "SELECT * FROM t_order";
try (
        HintManager hintManager = HintManager.getInstance();
        Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
    hintManager.setMasterRouteOnly();
    try (ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {
        while (rs.next()) {

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默默学Sharding-Sphere(三)

接上篇，使用文档。使用文档数据分片不使用Spring引入Maven依赖&lt;dependency&gt; &lt;groupId&gt;io.shardingsphere&lt;/groupId&gt; &lt;artifactId&gt;sharding-jdbc-core&lt;/artifactId&gt; &lt;version&gt;${shardin...
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